City of Pierre v. Siewert

• Citation: 261 N.W. 42,63 S.D. 485
• Decision Date: 17 May 1935
• Docket Number: 7832,7833.
• Parties: CITY OF PIERRE v. SIEWERT et al. as Members of and Constituting the Liquor Control Commission of South Dakota (LEWIS, Intervener).
• Court: Supreme Court of South Dakota

261 N.W. 42

63 S.D. 485

CITY OF PIERRE v. SIEWERT et al. as Members of and Constituting the Liquor Control Commission of South Dakota (LEWIS, Intervener).

Nos. 7832, 7833.

Supreme Court of South Dakota

May 17, 1935

Two original separate proceedings by the City of Pierre, S. D against Frank G. Siewert and others, as members of, and constituting, the Liquor Control Commission of the State of South Dakota, for the purpose of requiring defendants to issue to complainant two separate licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquor at retail, wherein Benedicta Lewis was permitted to intervene. On final submission.

Order in accordance with opinion.

E. W Stephens and O'Keeffe & Stephens, all of Pierre, for plaintiff.

Walter Conway, Atty. Gen., and Herman L. Bode and Benjamin D Mintener, Asst. Attys. Gen., for defendants.

Miller & Shandorf, of Mitchell, and Sutherland & Payne, of Pierre, for intervenor.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff city, a municipal corporation of the second class, alleging full compliance on its part with section 43, c. 134, Laws 1935 (Senate Bill 168 of the Twenty-Fourth Legislative Session, commonly referred to as "The Intoxicating Liquor Law"), instituted two original proceedings in this court for the purpose of requiring defendants to issue to plaintiff two separate licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquor at retail as contemplated by section 4 of the act. Case No. 7832 seeks to compel the issuance of a class C license, being an off sale or package dealer's license, and case No. 7833 seeks to compel the issuance of a class E, or on sale, license. Intervention was permitted in case No. 7832, and by stipulation of counsel in open court the same intervention is deemed made in case No. 7833.

The matters came on for oral argument before the court on May 4 1935, and by the pleadings, arguments, and briefs of the parties there have been submitted to the court the following points in relation to chapter 134, Laws 1935. First, the validity and construction of section 43 of the act; second, the validity of the act as a whole in view of its title; third, the validity of the emergency clause.

The cases present matters broad in scope, far reaching in effect, and of wide public importance and interest. Under the circumstances here involved, therefore, we think it may be helpful, and we deem it proper, to state the view of this court with reference to each of the controverted questions submitted.

We deem it important and expedient also that the opinion of this court be made known with the least possible delay. We have felt that it would be ill-advised to take the time necessary for the preparation of lengthy opinions containing a detailed discussion and exposition of the individual views of the members of the court upon all the various points involved. In the event any of the judges should decide within a reasonable time hereafter that he desires to write and file such an expression, leave so to do is hereby reserved. For these reasons, we think it proper to dispose of these cases by this per curiam opinion stating, without discussion or citation of the numerous authorities we have examined and considered the ultimate conclusions at which a majority of this court has arrived with reference to the questions presented.

We therefore epitomize our opinion upon the questions argued and submitted as follows.

With reference to the first proposition, we think that section 43 of the act lies within the ambit of the title and sets up a valid and workable and sufficiently definite scheme for permitting a municipality to engage in retail liquor selling when the electors thereof have so voted. We think the state may lawfully authorize and empower a municipality to engage in such business. We think, in view of the act as a whole and other restrictions therein contained, that a municipality is entitled in such case to only one license and only one type of license. We think that such license may be either an off sale or on sale license, and that the governing body of the municipality (as is the case with any other applicant) may determine which type of license it will apply for (the electors not having voted against on sale licenses within the municipality as contemplated by section 46 of the act). We think it is mandatory upon the liquor control commission to recommend, and the state treasurer to issue, such license as applied for by the municipality. We think when the electors have voted for a license in the name of the city no other retail licenses, either off sale or on sale, are to issue in such municipality as long as the municipality continues in such business; and existing licenses for sale at retail in such municipality, if any, both off sale and on sale, terminate thirty days after the date of canvass of the vote. As to whether a license may lawfully issue to a corporation representing the city, or whether a corporation can be a representative of the city in the matter in any respect, we express no opinion.

With reference to the second proposition, section 21, article 3, of the Constitution of this state, provides as follows: "No law shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be expressed in its title."

The title of chapter 134, Laws 1935, reads: "An Act Entitled, An Act providing for the Manufacture, Sale and Distribution of Intoxicating Liquor, and For the Control and Supervision Thereof, and Repealing Existing Laws in Conflict Herewith, and Declaring an Emergency."

We think the subject of the act is provision for the manufacture, sale, and distribution of intoxicating liquor and the control and supervision thereof. It is our opinion that the tax provided in Sections 7, 8, and 9 is a provision in accord with the general object of the act. It is a condition under which the sale and distribution of intoxicating liquors is permitted and, as such, comes within the object of the law, which object is to make provision for the manufacture, sale, and distribution of that which had heretofore been illegal. That the law is, perhaps, in the nature of a police regulation does not necessitate the exclusion of the tax feature. "The government has general authority to raise revenue and to choose the method of doing so; it has also general authority over the regulation of relative rights, privileges, and duties, and there is no rule of reason or policy in government which can require the legislature, when making laws with one object in view, to exclude carefully from its attention the other." Cooley on Taxation (4th Ed.) vol. 4, § 1784. In this connection, see State v. Morgan, 2 S. D. 32, 48 N.W. 314, 315, wherein it was held that imposing a gross earnings tax of 2 per cent. upon commercial agencies was within the scope of the title, as follows: "An act to authorize and regulate within the state the business of commercial agencies, credit companies, and guaranty associations." As to whether or not there may be other isolated provisions of the act which are outside the scope of the title, we do not at this time express any opinion. We think that there is properly within the scope of the title a valid...