Cline v. Herman
| Decision Date | 17 July 1979 |
| Docket Number | No. 79-1160,79-1160 |
| Citation | 601 F.2d 374 |
| Parties | Roger James CLINE, Appellant, v. Donald HERMAN, United States Marshal, for the District of South Dakota and Two Unknown (Agents) Marshals, et al., Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit |
Roger James Cline, filed brief pro se.
Robert D. Hiaring, U. S. Atty., Jeffrey L. Viken, Asst. U. S. Atty., and Jeffrey T. Sveen, Clinical Law Intern, Rapid City, S. D., filed brief for appellee.
Before LAY, BRIGHT, and HENLEY, Circuit Judges.
Roger James Cline, a federal prisoner, appeals from the district court's Sua sponte dismissal of his complaint prior to service of process. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
Cline's complaint contains the following allegations which, for present purposes, we deem as true. On October 6, 1977, the district court sentenced Cline to ten years' imprisonment for voluntary manslaughter. In its commitment order, the district court recommended that, "in view of the fact that Mr. Cline killed an Indian, it might be well for him to be kept separate from Indian inmates." However, when two United States deputy marshals delivered Cline to the Pennington County Jail, they failed to inform the jail's officials of the court's recommendation, and the officials did not separate Cline from the jail's Indian population. The jail's Indian inmates beat Cline unconscious, causing him severe injury and pain.
On February 9, 1979, Cline filed the present action, alleging that the marshals either negligently or deliberately subjected him to the assault. Although the district court granted Cline's motion for leave to proceed In forma pauperis, the court Sua sponte dismissed the complaint prior to service of process on the grounds that it failed to state a claim and was frivolous. Cline brought this timely appeal from the order of dismissal.
Cline claims that the marshals negligently subjected him to the assault of the jail's Indian inmates. Such a claim is cognizable under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. § 2671 Et seq. (1976). United States v. Muniz, 374 U.S. 150, 83 S.Ct. 1850, 10 L.Ed.2d 805 (1963); Brown v. United States, 486 F.2d 284 (8th Cir. 1973). Although Cline's complaint does not mention the FTCA, we liberally construe the Pro se complaint as stating an FTCA claim against the United States. 1
Cline alternatively contends that the marshals deliberately subjected him to the assault. Under the eighth amendment, prisoners are entitled to protection from the assaults of other prisoners. Little v. Walker, 552 F.2d 193, 197 (7th Cir. 1977), Cert. denied, 435 U.S. 932, 98 S.Ct. 1507, 55 L.Ed.2d 530 (1978); Holt v. Sarver, 442 F.2d 304, 308 (8th Cir. 1971). In light of the current state of the law 2 and the lack of a factual record, the district court erred in dismissing Cline's eighth amendment claim prior to service of process.
Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d), a complaint filed In forma pauperis may be dismissed prior to service of process only if the action is "frivolous or malicious." Harkins v. Eldredge, 505 F.2d 802, 804 (8th Cir. 1974). See Remmers v. Brewer, 475 F.2d 52, 53 n.1 (8th Cir. 1973). In light of this strict standard, we hold that dismissal of Cline's complaint prior to service of process was premature.
Accordingly, we reverse and remand for further proceedings. 3
1 The complaint fails to allege that Cline has satisfied the exhaustion requirement in 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a), which provides that a negligence action against the United States for damages cannot be maintained unless the claimant has presented the claim to the appropriate federal agency and the claim has been denied. Nevertheless, prior to dismissal for noncompliance with § 2675(a), Cline must be given an opportunity to show that he has complied. Cooper v. United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth, 433 F.2d 596,...
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