Coffey v. United States

• Decision Date: 18 January 1886
• Citation: 6 S.Ct. 432,116 U.S. 427,29 L.Ed. 681
• Parties: COFFEY, Claimant, etc., v. UNITED STATES. Filed
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

6 S.Ct. 432

116 U.S. 427

29 L.Ed. 681

COFFEY, Claimant, etc., v. UNITED STATES.

Filed January 18, 1886.

This is an information filed by the attorney of the United States for the district of Kentucky, on behalf of the United States, in the circuit court for that district, against one copper still and worm and other distilling apparatus, one distillery, with all its appurtenances, consisting of boiler, engine, copper doubler complete, with 65 tubs, also 22 barrels and 2 pieces of barrels of apple brandy, estimated at 850 gallons, said to be the property of John W. Coffey, and under seizure on land, by a deputy collector of internal revenue, as being forfeited to the United States. The original information alleges that Coffey 'did have said still and worm, and distillery, engine, boiler, and other distilling apparatus, under his control, and set up, and was engaged in carrying on the business of a distiller, and did then and there change and alter the stamps, marks, and brands on certain casks and packages containing distilled spirits, and did put into certain casks and packages spirits of greater strength than was indicated by the inspection mark thereon, and did fraudulently use casks and packages having inspection marks and stamps thereon, for the purpose of selling other spirits, and spirits of different quantity and quality, from the spirits previously inspected therein, and then and there attempted to defraud, and did defraud, the United States of the tax on the spirits distilled by him.' Under a monition and attachment the marshal arrested the property, and gave the notice required by law. Coffey filed a claim to all the property as owner, and all of it except the apple brandy was released to him on a bond. He answered the information, admitting the seizure, and denying the other allegations, except that as to his having under his control and set up the property in that behalf alleged. The notice published stated that the property was seized for a violation of sections 3257 and 3326 of the Revised Statutes. Afterwards an amended information was filed by leave of the court. It states that the attorney of the United States 'amends his information herein, and gives the said judges further to know' that Coffey was engaged in carrying on the business of a distiller, and did 'defraud, and attempt to defraud, the United States of the tax on part of the spirits distilled by him,' and that the said distillery and distillery apparatus were used by him, and that the said 22 barrels and 2 pieces of barrels of apple brandy, to-wit, distilled spirits, were found on his distillery premises. It states, in a second count, that the said distilled spirits were subject to a tax imposed by law, which had not been paid, and were found in the possession, custody, and control of said Coffey, for the purpose of being removed and sold by him in fraud of the internal revenue laws, and with design of avoiding the payment of said tax. It states, in a third count, that said Coffey was an authorized distiller, and did 'knowingly and wilfully omit, neglect, and refuse to do, or cause to be done, certain things required of him by law in the carrying on and conducting of his said business, to-wit, did knowingly and willfully, omit, neglect, and refuse to stamp and brand, and cause and require to be stamped and branded, as required by law, a large number, to-wit, two certain packages of distilled spirits, containing more than twenty gallons each, before removing the same from the warehouse where the same were stored and deposited, and before selling and disposing of the same, and did sell and dispose of and remove from said warehouse the said spirits before the tax had been paid thereon or the said packages had been properly branded and stamped,' and that he owned and was interested in the said 22 barrels and 2 pieces of barrels of distilled spirits.

The claimant demurred to the first count in the amended information as insufficient in law and fact. He demurred to the second count as presenting no cause of forfeiture for either the distillery or distilled spirits, and as insufficient in law. He demurred to the third count as insufficient in law and not authorized, because a specific penalty other than forfeiture is provided for the act therein charged, to-wit, in section 3296 of the Revised Statutes. The court overruled the demurrers. The claimant then answered the amended information, denying the allegations of the first court; denying the allegations of the second count, except the one that the distilled spirits seized were subject to a tax imposed by law, which tax had not been paid; and denying the allegations of the third count, except the one as to the ownership of the distilled spirits seized.

There was a trial by a jury in October, 1881, in which the jury failed to agree on a verdict. The claimant then filed an amendment to his answer, as follows: 'The claimant, john W. Coffey, amends his answer herein to the information and amendments thereto, and states that the custody, possession, and control of the articles or objects on which a tax was by law imposed, and complained of in the information of plaintiffs and found in his possession, to-wit, twenty-two barrels (22) and two pieces of barrels of brandy, distilled spirits, and charged to have been in his possession for the purpose of selling the same in fraud of the internal revenue laws, and with design to avoid the payment of the taxes thereon, or sold or removed by him in fraud of the internal revenue laws, and the various assignments of breaches and violations of law now considered, are the same goods and wares and objects, or commodities and distilled spirits, named and set out in an information filed against him, the said John W. Coffey, at the February term of this court, 1881, and prior to the filing of the information herein. That all of the said twenty-two barrels and two pieces of barrels of brandy, distilled spirits, found in his custody, control, and possession are the same found in his control and possession prior to the information filed against him at the February term, 1881, of this court, and that all the acts complained of in plaintiff's information herein might have been established, if said allegations be true, under the said information, either upon the counts in said information based upon sections 3450 or 3452 or 3257. That all the evidence which would be necessary to establish and competent under the various assignments of breaches and of intended frauds in plaintiff's information herein would be competent under, and would tend to establish, the allegations of said information at said Feburary term, 1881. That the various assignments [of] frauds and attempts or intents to defraud the United States of the tax imposed upon said distilled spirits, to-wit, the 22 barrels and two pieces of barrels of apple brandy, relate to the same subject-matter and are based upon the same transaction as the various allegations in said information at the February term, 1881, contained, so far as they relate to offenses under sections 3452, 3453 and 3257, or either of them, and that at the time when the said information at the February term, 1881, was drawn, considered, and presented by the attorney for the United States, all the facts which would be competent to sustain the allegations of plaintiff's information herein were known to and within the possession of the representatives of the United States. And the claimant, John W. Coffey, says that the United States ought not to maintain this action for the penalty, punishment, and forfeiture, or either of them, claimed in sections 3450,...