Cohan v. Citicorp

• Decision Date: 17 November 1993
• Docket Number: No. 1-91-0338,1-91-0338
• Citation: 639 N.E.2d 1302,203 Ill.Dec. 483,266 Ill.App.3d 626
• Parties: , 203 Ill.Dec. 483 Richard S. COHAN and Rose Cohan, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITICORP, a Delaware Corporation, and Citibank, N.A., a National Banking Association, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 1302

639 N.E.2d 1302

266 Ill.App.3d 626, 203 Ill.Dec. 483

Richard S. COHAN and Rose Cohan, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITICORP, a Delaware Corporation, and Citibank, N.A., a National Banking Association, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 1-91-0338.

Appellate Court of Illinois First District, Third Division.

Nov. 17, 1993.

Clinton A. Krislov, Chicago, Paul R. Karasik, Highland Park, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago (Samuel A. Haubold, James D. Dasso, of counsel), for defendants-appellees.

Justice RIZZI delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiffs, Richard S. Cohan and Rose Cohan, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, brought a class action against defendants, Citicorp and Citibank, N.A. Plaintiffs sought declaratory relief and money damages stemming from the assessment of custodial fees charged by defendants for services performed in connection with American Depository Receipts (ADR's). Following a hearing on defendants' motion to dismiss, the trial court dismissed plaintiffs' four-count complaint with prejudice. The court dismissed the first count, ruling that declaratory relief is not an available remedy in a class action. The court dismissed the remaining three counts as moot. Plaintiffs now appeal. We reverse and remand.

On appeal from a motion to dismiss all properly pleaded facts are accepted as true. (Stone v. Omnicom Cable Television (1985), 131 Ill.App.3d 210, 213, 86 Ill.Dec. 226, 232, 475 N.E.2d 223, 229.) Accordingly, the operative facts are as follows. Defendants serve as a depositary for ADR's, which are negotiable certificates representing ownership in publicly traded foreign corporations. As a depositary, defendants are responsible for maintaining customer accounts, registering ADR transfers and exchanges, and collecting, processing and distributing stock splits and dividends. From 1975 through 1987, plaintiffs purchased from defendants four ADR certificates representing 4,300 underlying shares of Driefontein Consolidated Ltd. Driefontein is a South African company engaged in mining gold.

In November 1987, Driefontein declared a 2-for-1 stock split. The following month, defendants demanded the surrender and exchange of all Driefontein ADR certificates for reissue of new certificates reflecting the stock split. Plaintiffs refused to surrender their ADR certificates because defendants sought to assess a per share service fee which was in excess of the service fee listed on a previous fee schedule. ¹

In April 1990, defendants agreed to waive the service fee associated with the exchange of plaintiffs' ADR certificates, but maintained the right to charge the per share service fee in the future. Plaintiffs refused defendants' offer. Plaintiffs subsequently brought this class action, and alleged the following four counts in their complaint: (I) Contract of Adhesion; (II) Breach of Contract; (III) Common Law Fraud; and (IV) Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act. After a hearing on defendants' motion to dismiss, the trial court ruled with respect to count I that declaratory relief was not an available remedy in a class action. Additionally, the court ruled that no actual controversy remained as to counts II, III and IV after defendants' agreed to waive the service fee. The trial court, therefore, entered an order dismissing plaintiffs' complaint with prejudice. This appeal followed.

We begin by addressing the trial court's dismissal of count I in which plaintiffs alleged a contract of adhesion and for which plaintiffs sought declaratory relief. The trial court ruled as follows:

With respect to Count I of the complaint, I know of no case that permits a class action to be maintained as a declaratory judgment action, nor any such case that has been presented by the plaintiffs through their attorneys who apparently specialize in class action cases.

As seen in the above quote, the court below based its dismissal on the belief that declaratory relief is not an available remedy in a class action. This belief is erroneous and we reverse.

Put simply, there is no authority to hold that a class of plaintiffs may not seek declaratory relief. The relevant section in the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure on declaratory judgments does not suggest that declaratory relief is unavailable in class actions. (735 ILCS 5/2-701 (West 1992).) Likewise, the pertinent section on class actions does not preclude class certification merely because declaratory relief is being sought. 735 ILCS 5/2-801 (West 1992). ² Furthermore, we can find no case law authority to support this proposition.

On the other hand, the Illinois Supreme Court, along with a multitude of appellate court decisions, by granting declaratory relief in class actions have recognized the ability of a class of plaintiffs to maintain an action for declaratory relief. See e.g. Ross v. City of Geneva (1978), 71 Ill.2d 27, 15 Ill.Dec. 658, 373 N.E.2d 1342; Concannon v. Illinois Bell Telephone Co. (1987), 163 Ill.App.3d 509, 114 Ill.Dec. 601, 516 N.E.2d 756; Stone v. Omnicom Cable Television (1985), 131 Ill.App.3d 210, 86 Ill.Dec. 226, 475 N.E.2d 223; Payne v. Coates-Miller, Inc. (1977), 52 Ill.App.3d 288, 10 Ill.Dec. 18, 367 N.E.2d 406.

In Ross v. City of Geneva, the supreme court upheld a declaratory judgment in favor of a plaintiff class of commercial users of electricity. (Ross v. City of Geneva (1978), 71 Ill.2d 27, 15 Ill.Dec. 658, 373 N.E.2d 1342.) The facts involved in Ross are as follows. The City of Geneva passed two municipal ordinances which had the effect of imposing a 10% surcharge on the electric bills of commercial users to be set aside for a special parking fund. When the 10% surcharge first showed on his electric bill, Ross, a commercial user of electricity, brought a class action against the City of Geneva on behalf of himself and others similarly situated seeking money damages and declaratory relief, i.e., to have the ordinances declared invalid for exceeding their statutory authority. Ross, 71 Ill.2d at 29-30, 15 Ill.Dec. at 659-60, 373 N.E.2d at 1343-44.

The trial court held the ordinances invalid, and awarded money damages to Ross, but denied class certification. Plaintiff, Ross, appealed the denial of class certification. Defendant, City of Geneva, cross-appealed. The appellate court affirmed the declaratory judgment and the award of money damages. The appellate court, however, reversed the denial of class certification. The City of Geneva again appealed. Ross, 71 Ill.2d at 29-30, 15 Ill.Dec. at 659-60, 373 N.E.2d at 1343-44.

The supreme court affirmed the appellate court's decision declaring the ordinances invalid, awarding money damages and certifying the class. (Ross v. City of Geneva (1978), 71 Ill.2d 27, 15 Ill.Dec. 658, 373 N.E.2d 1342.) The result of the supreme court's decision was to affirm a declaratory judgment in favor of the plaintiff class. While the ability of a class to maintain an action for declaratory relief action was not directly addressed by the supreme court, it is inherent in its result. It is, therefore, plain that a class of plaintiffs may seek declaratory relief. Accordingly, the trial court erred when it dismissed count I of plaintiffs' complaint.

Next, we address the dismissal of the remaining three counts. The trial court ruled that these counts were moot by virtue of defendants' waiver of the service fees. The plaintiffs argue, however, that the defendants' one time voluntary waiver does not render their claim moot. We agree with plaintiffs.

It is axiomatic that a court will not consider abstract questions, moot issues or cases brought on behalf of parties who do not seek or desire judicial aid. A matter is moot when it presents or involves no actual controversy, interests or rights of the parties, or where issues have ceased to exist. (Forest Preserve Dist. v. City of Aurora (1992), 151 Ill.2d 90, 94, 175 Ill.Dec. 736, 738, 600 N.E.2d 1194, 1196.) The mere voluntary cessation of allegedly wrongful conduct, however, cannot render a case moot, unless it becomes absolutely clear that such behavior could not reasonably be expected to recur. (Fryzel v. Chicago Title & Trust Co. (1988), 173 Ill.App.3d 788, 794, 123 Ill.Dec. 387, 390, 527 N.E.2d 1025, 1028; Payne v....