Cole v. Celotex Corp.

• Decision Date: 09 December 1992
• Docket Number: No. 91-1221,91-1221
• Citation: 611 So.2d 153
• Parties: Outher COLE, et al., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CELOTEX CORPORATION, et al., Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

Page 153

611 So.2d 153

Outher COLE, et al., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CELOTEX CORPORATION, et al., Defendant-Appellee.

No. 91-1221.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana Third Circuit.

Dec. 9, 1992.

Writ Granted March 26, 1993.

Baggett, McCall & Burgess by William B. Baggett, William B. Baggett, Jr., Rebecca S. Young, Lake Charles, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Guillory & McCall by William T. McCall, Robert E. Guillory, Jr., Lake Charles, for defendant--Ins. Co. of North America--appellee.

Laborde & Newuner by James L. Pate, Ben L. Mayeaux, Lafayette, for defendant--M.H. Detrick Co.

Galloway, Johnson, Tompkins & Burr by J. Michael Johnson, Thomas J. Smith, New Orleans, for defendant--Combustion Engineering, Inc.

Jones, Tete, Nolen, Hanchey, Swift & Spears, by Kenneth R. Spears, Lake Charles, for defendant--Oxy Oil & Gas USA, Inc.

Forman, Perry, Watkins & Krutz, by Richard L. Forman, Jackson, MS, for defendant--Keene Corp.

Weeler, Wheelus & Green by David L. Tolin, Beaumont, TX, Edwin A. Ellinhausen, Porteous, Hainkel, Johnson & Sarpy, New Orleans, LA, for defendant--Pittsburgh Corning Corp. Fibreboard Corp.

Phelps, Dunbar, Marks, Claverie & Sims by Richard N. Dicharry, Stephen P. Hall, New Orleans, for defendants--Ernest Alfred Moore As Representative Of Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's London & Certain Market London Ins. Companies.

Montgomery, Barnett, Brown, Read, Hammond & Mintz by Lawrence G. Pugh, III, New Orleans, for defendant--The Celotex Corp.

Lemle, Kelleher, Kohlmeyer, Dennery, Hunley, Moss & Frilot by Michael T. Cali, New Orleans, for defendant--Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp.

Deutsch, Kerrigan & Stiles by Janet L. MacDonell, Robert E. Kerrigan, Jr., A. Wendel Stout, New Orleans, for defendants--GAF Corp., Keene Corp., Nat. Gypsum Co., Quigley Co., Inc. U.S. Gypsum Co.

Maria I. O'Byrne Stephenson, Maria I. Patino Caro, Lisa C. Matthews, New Orleans, for defendant--Rock Wool Mfg. Co.

Adams and Johnston by D. Russell Holwadel, Jesse R. Adams, Jr., Robert M. Johnston, Thomas S. Morse, New Orleans, for defendant--The Manville Corp. Asbestos Disease Compensation Fund ("The Manville Trust").

Plauche, Smith & Nieset by Christopher P. Ieyoub, Lake Charles, for defendant--W.R. Grace & Co.

Before LABORDE and THIBODEAUX, JJ., and CULPEPPER ^*, J. Pro Tem.

WILLIAM A. CULPEPPER, Judge Pro Tem.

The issue in this delictual action is when the one-year prescription began to run. Plaintiff, Wilburn Robertson, filed suit on October 22, 1986, alleging he developed asbestosis resulting from exposure to asbestos dust during his employment with Cities Service Company. Two defendants, Owens-Illinois, Inc. and Pittsburgh Corning Corporation, manufacturers of asbestos, filed exceptions of prescription. The trial court sustained the exceptions and dismissed plaintiff's suit. Plaintiff appeals.

FACTS

Plaintiff began working with Cities Service in 1950 as a carpenter. He was promoted in 1974 to maintenance foreman, a position from which he retired in 1985. Plaintiff received periodic physical exams during his employment with Cities Service, and in 1979 was advised that his chest X-rays were abnormal, and that he had a "condition in his lungs" which was aggravated by working around asbestos. As a result, plaintiff was placed in the "Asbestos Survey Program," and was examined once a year.

In 1983, in an examination conducted by Dr. Bonnie Camp under the "Asbestos Survey Program," the plaintiff's chest X-rays were again found to be abnormal. He was informed of this and given a work restriction requiring him to stay away from asbestos, even while wearing a respirator. Plaintiff was then referred to Dr. Jana Kaimal for further evaluation. Dr. Kaimal concluded plaintiff had evidence of asbestos-related lung disease. Dr. Camp then consulted with plaintiff on August 11, 1983 and informed him of Dr. Kaimal's findings and conclusion.

Plaintiff was again examined in May of 1984, and was again restricted from any contact with asbestos in the plant. A chest X-ray report confirmed the abnormalities previously noted by Dr. Kaimal. On the examination form, Dr. Camp required plaintiff to have no exposure to asbestos even with a respirator. Plaintiff signed this form.

In December of 1984, as plaintiff was nearing retirement, he requested to be kept on the "Asbestos Survey Program", and this request was granted. Plaintiff also specifically requested an extra copy of Dr. Kaimal's report of July 19, 1983, which concluded that plaintiff had an asbestos-related lung disease. Plaintiff received this report, as documented by his signature on the "Signature Form for Documentation of Release of Records."

On May 1, 1985, after plaintiff's retirement, he was examined and again notified his X-rays were suggestive of asbestosis. Despite this, plaintiff maintains the first time he thought he had asbestosis was in December of 1986, when Dr. Jack Van Campen told him he did.

Plaintiff filed suit in federal court on October 22, 1986. On December 22, 1987, plaintiff filed a complaint in state district court. In 1989, plaintiff's federal action was dismissed, without prejudice, as of non-suit.

ACTION OF THE TRIAL COURT

The defendants/appellees filed exceptions of prescription in the district court, and the matter was submitted on briefs, depositions and documentary evidence. On January 10, 1989, the trial court rendered written reasons sustaining the exceptions of prescription. Judgment was signed on November 28, 1989.

On appeal, plaintiff asserts, as his lone assignment of error, that the trial court erred in sustaining the exceptions of prescription. In his brief, plaintiff asserts a number of theories as to why prescription was either interrupted or suspended. We will address each theory in turn.

LAW OF LIBERATIVE PRESCRIPTION

A one-year liberative prescription applies to all delictual actions, LSA-C.C. art. 3492. This matter is a delictual action, and thus would prescribe one year from the day injury was sustained.

Generally, in a typical traumatic injury tort situation, there is little difficulty in determining the moment at which prescription begins to run. However, in situations where the injuries sustained do not immediately manifest themselves, it is often difficult to pinpoint the precise moment at which prescription begins. In these situations, prescription commences when a plaintiff has actual or constructive knowledge of facts indicating to a reasonable person that he is the victim of a tort. Phillips v. Hamilton Medical Group, 507 So.2d 277 (La.App. 3 Cir.1987), writ den., 512 So.2d 458 (La.1987), cert. den., 484 U.S. 1013, 108 S.Ct. 717, 98 L.Ed.2d 666 (1988).

Plaintiff argues that the trial judge, in his written reasons, erred in using the standard from Cartwright v. Chrysler Corporation, 232 So.2d 285 (La.1970). The trial judge stated that "Constructive knowledge is whatever notice is enough to excite attention and put the injured party on guard and call for inquiry." Cartwright contains similar language. Plaintiff points out that in Jordan v. Employee Transfer Corp., 509 So.2d 420 (La.1987), the court stated:

[3, 4] The language in Cartwright, quoted in footnote 1, is an incomplete definition of the kind of notice that will start the running of prescription. Prescription will not begin to run at the earliest possible indication that a plaintiff may have suffered some wrong. Prescription should not be used to force a person who believes he may have been damaged in some way to rush to file suit against all parties who might have caused that damage. On the other hand, a plaintiff will be responsible to seek out those whom he believes may be responsible for a specific injury.

When prescription begins to run depends on the reasonableness of a plaintiff's action or inaction.

The trial court did not cite Cartwright. It cited Jordan, supra, Phillips, supra, and other similar cases. It is apparent from reading the trial court's written reasons as a whole that it did not rely entirely on the Cartwright language, as to knowledge "of every thing to which inquiring may lead." The ultimate test, as stated in Jordan, is "the reasonableness of plaintiff's action or inaction." The trial judge concluded by applying the Jordan test.

Moreover, our independent study of the record convinces us that, under the reasonableness test in Jordan, plaintiff had constructive notice in 1983 or 1984.

CONTRA NON VALENTUM

As a defense against the exception of prescription, the plaintiff invokes the principle of "contra non valentum," which when applied prevents the running of liberative prescription. See Corsey v. State Dept. of Corrections, 375 So.2d 1319 (La.1979).

Plaintiff argues the trial court should have applied contra non valentum to excuse his inaction because there was no definite diagnosis of asbestosis, but only that asbestos related lung disease was one of several possibilities. This argument is without merit. Dr. Kaimal's report of July 19, 1983 concluded plaintiff had evidence of asbestos-related lung disease. Plaintiff was informed of Dr. Kaimal's findings by Dr. Camp. On December 28, 1984, plaintiff asked for and received a copy of Dr. Kaimal's July 19 report, as evidenced by plaintiff's signature on a "Signature Form for Documentation of Release of Records."

Even if other possible causes were mentioned, as plaintiff claims, the trial court specifically noted that plaintiff's own testimony eliminated any cause other than asbestos. In his deposition, plaintiff denied he ever had pleurisy or pneumonia, any injury to his chest, or lung disease other than asbestosis. As the trial court stated, when these possible explanations for the abnormal chest X-rays are eliminated, it is clear that plaintiff had...