Collins, In re
| Decision Date | 08 November 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. 90-5674,90-5674 |
| Citation | 946 F.2d 815 |
| Parties | , Bankr. L. Rep. P 74,334 In re C. Wendell COLLINS, Debtor. C. Wendell COLLINS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PALM BEACH SAVINGS & LOAN, Defendant-Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit |
Robert C. Furr, Boca Raton, Fla., for plaintiff-appellant.
Roger C. Hurd, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., for defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.
Before HATCHETT and BIRCH, Circuit Judges, and RONEY, Senior Circuit Judge.
Appellant C. Wendell Collins appeals from the order of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida affirming the final judgment of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida. The bankruptcy court rejected Collins's affirmative defense that he should have been relieved from his debt to Appellee Palm Beach Savings and Loan ("Palm Beach"). The bankruptcy court concluded that Palm Beach had proved that Collins's debt was nondischargeable pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(2)(B) (1988). Collins asserts that Palm Beach's failure to file a UCC-1 form, perfecting its security interest in the collateral Collins pledged for his $150,000 loan, was the proximate cause of Palm Beach's injury. The bankruptcy court, after finding that Collins intentionally misrepresented that his collateral property was free and clear when in fact he had assigned the same property twice previously, concluded that Collins's fraud was the legal cause of Palm Beach's injury. For the reasons that follow, we find Collins's assertions to be without merit. Therefore, we AFFIRM the order of the district court.
On October 30, 1986, Collins executed a promissory note in the amount of $150,000 in return for an extension of credit from Palm Beach. Prior to loan approval, Palm Beach required Collins to deliver a financial statement, as well as an affidavit, signed by the debtor and stating in part that the property delivered by Collins as collateral had not been assigned, sold or transferred to any other person or entity. Collins's statements with regard to the collateral were false; Collins had assigned the collateral property twice previously.
In a file memorandum regarding the Collins loan, Palm Beach stated that the loan was approved, as well as that the loan commitment was subject to the filing of the UCC-1 form. Palm Beach never filed the UCC-1 form required for perfection of its interest in the Collins collateral. Although the two prior secured creditors had not perfected their interests in the collateral property, Palm Beach was unable to foreclose on the property because it had not perfected its interest. Had Palm Beach perfected its interest, it would have been the superior lienholder.
After defaulting on his note to Palm Beach, Collins filed for bankruptcy protection. The bankruptcy court held Collins's debt to Palm Beach to be nondischargeable due to Palm Beach's reasonable reliance on the written, materially false statement Collins intentionally made with respect to his financial condition. See 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(2)(B) (1988).
Collins appeals the bankruptcy court's denial of his affirmative defense that his debt to Palm Beach should have been discharged. Collins asserts that his debt to Palm Beach is dischargeable because his false financial statements were not the proximate cause of Palm Beach's harm. Additionally, Collins alleges that Palm Beach did not reasonably rely on Collins's false statements to its detriment because Palm Beach did not perfect its security interest in the collateral property, as required by its own approval process.
Collins argues that the bankruptcy court improperly concluded that Collins's affirmative defense, based on an alleged lack of causation, did not state a valid defense. We review this conclusion by the bankruptcy court under a plenary standard. See In re T & B Gen. Contracting, Inc., 833 F.2d 1455, 1460 (11th Cir.1987). ("The bankruptcy court's legal conclusions are subject to complete review by this court."). Collins correctly asserts that there is a causation requirement implied in the exception to discharge provided in § 523(a)(2)(B). See In re Hunter, 780 F.2d 1577, 1579 (11th Cir.1986) (). In an order denying rehearing, the bankruptcy court confirmed that it had not rejected Collins's affirmative defense based on any disagreement with the case law finding proximate cause to be an essential element of proof under § 523(a)(2)(B). The bankruptcy court simply found that Collins's false statements were the proximate cause of Palm Beach's harm.
Collins argues that the bankruptcy court erred in concluding that his false financial statements caused Palm Beach's harm. We shall review this finding of fact for clear error. See T & B Gen. Contracting, 833 F.2d at 1460. Although Palm Beach could have prevented its own injury by perfecting its interest in Collins's collateral property, the Bankruptcy Code does not require such diligence on the part of a creditor induced by fraudulent means in extending credit to a debtor. It is the honest debtor which Congress intended to protect through the Bankruptcy Code, especially when discharging a bankrupt's debts. " 'One of the primary purposes of the bankruptcy act is to "relieve the honest debtor from the weight of oppressive indebtedness and permit him to start afresh." ' " Transouth Fin. Corp. of Florida v. Johnson, 931 F.2d 1505, 1508 (11th Cir.1991) (quoting Local Loan Co. v. Hunt, 292 U.S. 234, 244, 54 S.Ct. 695, 699, 78 L.Ed. 1230 (1934) (quoting Williams v. U.S. Fidelity & Guar....
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