Columbia River Packers Ass v. Hinton
| Decision Date | 02 February 1942 |
| Docket Number | No. 142,142 |
| Parties | COLUMBIA RIVER PACKERS ASS'N, Inc., v. HINTON et al |
| Court | U.S. Supreme Court |
Mr. Jay Bowerman, of Portland, Ore., and Mr. Ralph E. Moody, of Salem, Ore., for petitioner.
Mr. Ben Anderson, of Portland, Ore.; and Mr. Ralph E. Moody, of Salem, Ore., for respondents.
The petitioner filed a bill for an injunction charging that the respondents attempted to monopolize the fish industry in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska, in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 1—7, 15 note. The Norris-La- Guardia Act declares that no federal court shall, except under certain specified circumstances, have jurisdiction to issue an injunction in any case which involves or grows out of a 'labor dispute.'1 The jurisdictional requirements were not present here. But the District Court held that since this case did not involve or grow out of a 'labor dispute', these requirements were irrelevant; and finding that the respondents had violated the Sherman Act to the injury of the petitioner, issued the injunction sought. 34 F.Supp. 970. The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, holding that a 'labor dispute' was involved and that the District Court was therefore without jurisdiction to enjoin. 117 F.2d 310. To review this question, we granted certiorari. 314 U.S. 600, 62 S.Ct. 123, 86 L.Ed. —-.
The petitioner has plants for proceeding and canning fish in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. It distributes its products in interstate and foreign commerce. Its supply of fish chiefly depends upon its ability to purchse from independent fishermen. The dispute here arose from a controversy about the terms and conditions under which the respondents would sell fish to the petitioner.
The respondents are the Pacific Coast Fishermen's Union, its officers and members,2 and two individuals who, like the petitioner, process and sell fish. Although affiliated with the C.I.O., the Union is primarily a fishermen's association, composed of fishermen who conduct their operations in the Pacific Ocean and navigable streams in Washington and Oregon and some of their employees. The fishermen own or lease fishing boats, ranging in value from $100 to $15,000, and carry on their business as inde- pendent entrepreneurs, uncontrolled by the petitioner or other processors.
The Union acts as a collective bargaining agency in the sale of fish caught by its members. Its constitution and by-laws provide that 'Union members shall not deliver catches outside of Union agreements', and in its contracts of sale it requires an agreement by the buyer not to purchase fish from nonmembers of the Union. The Union's demand that the petitioner assent to such an agreement precipitated the present controversy. Upon the petitioner's refusal, the Union induced its members to refrain from selling fish to the petitioner, and since the Union's control of the fish supply is extensive, the petitioner was unable to obtain the fish it needed to carry on its business.
We think that the court below was in error in holding this controversy a 'labor dispute' within the meaning of the Norris-LaGuardia Act. That a dispute among businessmen over the terms of a contract for the sale of fish is something different from a 'controversy concerning terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the association * * * of persons * * * seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment' 29 U.S.C.A. § 113, calls for no extended discussion. This definition and the stated public policy of the Act—aid to 'the individual unorganized worker * * * commonly helpless * * * to obtain acceptable terms and conditions of employment' and protection of the worker 'from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor' 29 U.S.C.A. § 102—make it clear that the attention of Congress was focussed upon disputes affecting the employer-employee relationship, and that the Act was not intended to have application to disputes over the sale of commodities.3
We recognize that by the terms of the statute there may be a 'labor dispute' where the disputants do not stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. But the statutory classification,4 however broad, of parties and circumstances to which a 'labor dispute' may relate does not expand the application of the Act to include controversies upon which the employer-employee relationship has no bearing. Our decisions in New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., 303 U.S. 552, 304 U.S. 542, 58 S.Ct. 703, 82 L.Ed. 1012, and Milk Wagon Drivers' Union v. Lake Valley Farm Products, Inc., 311 U.S. 91, 61 S.Ct. 122, 85 L.Ed. 63, give no support to the respondents' contrary contention, for in both cases the employer-employee relationship was the matrix of the controversy.
The controversy here is altogether between fish sellers and fish buyers. The sellers are not employees of the petitioners or of any other employer nor do they seek to be. On the contrary, their desire is to continue to operate as independent businessmen, free from such controls as an employer might exercise. That some of the fishermen have a small number of employees of their own, who are also members of the Union, does not alter the situation. For the dispute here, relating solely to the sale of fish, does not place...
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Bowman v. Township of Pennsauken
...Ass'n, 457 U.S. 702, 712-13, 102 S.Ct. 2672, 2680-81, 73 L.Ed.2d 327 (1982) (quoting Columbia River Packers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 147, 62 S.Ct. 520, 522, 86 L.Ed. 750 (1942)). This court holds that the FOP members' claims do not fall within the meaning of a labor dispute. Rat......
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...being whether, as here, "the employer-employee relationship [is] the matrix of the controversy." Columbia River Packers Assn. v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 147, 62 S.Ct. 520, 522, 86 L.Ed. 750. The existence of noneconomic motives does not make the Act inapplicable. Pp. (b) The legislative histo......
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Ring v. Spina, 230.
...exception will not apply unless an employer-employee relationship is "the matrix of the controversy." Columbia River Packers Ass'n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 62 S.Ct. 520, 522, 86 L.Ed. 750: American Medical Ass'n v. United States, 317 U.S. 519, 63 S.Ct. 44, 87 L.Ed. 497. Here not only are th......
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...703, 82 L.Ed. 1012. 28 Norris-LaGuardia Act of March 23, 1932, 47 Stat. 73, 29 U.S.C.A. § 113(c). 29 Columbia River Packers Ass'n, Inc., v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 62 S.Ct. 520, 86 L.Ed. ___; Note, 51 Yale L.J. 1039, 30 H.R.Rep. No. 612, 62d Cong., 2d Sess. (1912) 10: "The consensus of judici......
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Table of Cases
...U.S. 666 (1999), 129 Collins v. Nat’l Basketball Players Ass’n, 976 F.2d 740 (10th Cir. 1992), 197 Columbia River Packers Ass’n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143 (1942), 193, 210 Columbia Steel Casting Co. v. Portland Gen. Elec. Co., 111 F.3d 1427 (9th Cir. 1996), 110, 111 Command Force Sec., Inc. v.......
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Antitrust and Organized Labor
...organize for higher pay or other terms, the courts have held them simply to be cartels. See, e.g., Columbia River Packers Ass’n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 145 (1942) (actions of a “union” of fishermen and their employees not protected by Norris-LaGuardia Act because the fishermen were indepen......
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Antitrust and Agriculture
...from the Supreme Court’s rejection of Norris-LaGuardia protection for a fishermen’s cooperative in Columbia River Packers Ass’n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 145 (1942), the Ninth Circuit found the cooperative to enjoy no immunity under the FCMA, apparently because the group included vertically ......
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Regulated Industries
...themselves from that sanction by the “simple expedient of calling themselves” a labor union); Columbia River Packers Ass’n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 145 (1942) (actions of a “union” of fishermen and their employees not protected by Norris-LaGuardia Act because the fishermen were independent ......