Com. ex rel. Shaffer v. Shaffer

• Decision Date: 16 March 1954
• Citation: 103 A.2d 430,175 Pa.Super. 100,42 A.L.R.2d 761
• Parties: , 42 A.L.R.2d 761 COMMONWEALTH ex rel. SHAFFER v. SHAFFER.
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

Page 430

103 A.2d 430

175 Pa.Super. 100, 42 A.L.R.2d 761

COMMONWEALTH ex rel. SHAFFER v. SHAFFER.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

March 16, 1954.

Robert H. Maurer, Asst. Dep. Atty. Gen., Frank F. Truscott, Atty. Gen., M. Jack Morgan, Dist. Atty., Lehigh County, Allentown, for appellant.

Isadore Rapoport, Allentown, for appellee.

Richard W. Ervin, Atty. Gen., J. Ernest Webb, Asst. Atty. Gen., for State of Florida, Amicus Curiae.

Before RHODES, P. J., and HIRT, RENO, ROSS, and WRIGHT, JJ.

HIRT, Judge.

This proceeding originalted in the petition of Frances J. Shaffer, wife of respondent, addressed to the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial District of the State of Florida. In her petition under the Uniform Support of Dependents Law of that State, Chapter 27996, 1953, F.S.A. § 88.01 et seq., she sought to compel her husband to support her. She alleged that he had abandoned her in Florida and was then domiciled in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania where he owned property. On a return of the sheriff of the county of petitioner's residence that respondent could not be found for the service of process, the Florida Circuit Court transmitted the proceeding to the Court of Quarter Sessions of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, for disposition under the Uniform Enforcement of Support Law of this State, the Act of May 10, 1951, P.L. 279, 62 P.S. § 2043.1 et seq. On the certification of the proceeding to the quarter sessions in Lehigh County the court directed that an attachment issue and when respondent was taken into custody he gave bail for his appearance. Prior to the date fixed for hearing respondent filed a petition under the Act of March 5, 1925, P.L. 23, 12 P.S. § 672, challenging the jurisdiction of the court. The grounds for the claim of lack of jurisdiction are (1) reciprocal operation of the Pennsylvania law cannot be invoked because it is not substantially similar to the law of Florida: (2) there is no authority in either the Florida or the Pennsylvania law for the arrest of respondent on a bench warrant; (3) the Pennsylvania Law is unconstitutional in that it contains no provision for confrontation of accusing witnesses including his wife.

Under our Uniform Enforcement of Support Law the duties of support which are enforceable are those imposed by any 'state * * * in which this or a substantially similar reciprocal law has been enacted': 62 P.S. § 2043.2. The Pennsylvania Act in §§ 5 and 6, 62 P.S. § 2043.5 and § 2043.6, provides: 'The Governor of this State (1) may demand from the governor of any other state, the surrender of any person found in such other state who is charged in this State with the crime of failing to provide for the support of any person in this State; and, (2) may surrender, on demand by the governor of any other state, any person found in this State who is charged in such other state with the crime of failing to provide for the support of a person in such other state.' (Italics supplied.) The Florida Uniform Support Law, supra, does not contain a provision for interstate rendition. Moreover our Act in scope applies to all duties of support whereas the Florida Law relates to the support only of wife and children. For want of reciprocal provision in these respects the lower court concluded that there was lack of substantial similarity in the statutes of the two states and on that ground dismissed the petition and discharged the respondent for want of jurisdiction. In so doing the court did not find it necessary to decide the other questions raised by respondent. The order will be reversed.

The problem of enforcing duties of support at best has always been difficult enough and in general an errant husband could avoid the enforcement of his responsibility to support his dependents by the simple expedient of crossing state lines. To meet the problem thus presented two distinct types of statutes were enacted, each of which contemplates a uniform two-state reciprocal procedure for the enforcement of the duty of support. These are the Uniform Support of Dependents Act and the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act. In an effort to create an effective civil remedy to compel support of an abandoned wife and children by an absconding husband-father found in another state the Uniform Support of Dependents Act was originally enacted by the State of New York an April 25, 1949. McKinney's Unconsolidated Laws of New York, § 2111. Cf. Maxim v. Maxim, 203 Misc. 610, 118 N.Y.S.2d 541. The New York State Act was subsequently enacted in eight other states including Florida, which adopted the law in 1953. The Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and by the American Bar Association in September 1950. The law so approved was adopted by Pennsylvania in the 1951 Act, supra. The Act has also been adopted in 23 other jurisdictions. Proceedings to compel support are maintainable under § 6(4) of the Florida law 'Where the respondent was or is a resident of or domiciled in [Florida] the initiating state and has departed or departs from such state leaving therein a dependent in need of and entitled to support under this act and is believed to be a resident of or domiciled in another state having substantially similar or reciprocal laws.' The Uniform Act adopted in Pennsylvania is to the same effect. The methods of bringing the complaint before the responding state by the initiating state are substantially parallel and both acts in substance provide for reciprocal relief between states which have substantially similar laws. The word 'similar' means 'of a like nature or kind', according to the Oxford Dictionary, or 'nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness' as defined in Websters International Dictionary. Cf. Bonsall's Estate, 288 Pa. 39, 135 A. 724. Identity in language therefore is not essential to reciprocal operation of the two acts with which we are concerned.

Article II of the Pennsylvania Act provides for Criminal Enforcement specifically by extending the remedy of extradition of one charged 'with the crime of failing to provide for the support of any person', although he had not fled from justice, or 'at the time of the commission of the crime', was in the demanding or the other state. Violations of § 731 and § 732 of our Penal Code of June 24, 1939, P.L. 872, 18 P.S. §§ 4731, 4732 would come within the purview of Article II. The Florida Act does not contain a similar provision for criminal enforcement, and extradition in that state by appropriate procedure rests on other legislation.

The purpose of the Florida Act is thus stated: 'The purpose of this uniform act is to secure support in civil proceedings for dependent wives and children from persons legally responsible for their support.' In the Uniform Enforcement of Support Law enacted in Pennsylvania it is stated: 'The purposes of this act are to improve and extend by reciprocal legislation the enforcement of duties of support and to make uniform the law with respect thereto.' Article III of the Pennsylvania Act relates to Civil Enforcement and it is with this Article that we are concerned in determining the validity of the proceeding initiated in Florida under its statute, limited to civil proceedings, to secure support. In our view reciprocal operation of the Uniform Support of Dependents Law is not restricted to the group of the eight states which have adopted it, nor operation of the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act to the 24 jurisdictions in which that Act is the law. A uniform law which is remedial in nature should be liberally construed with reference to the object to be obtained. 50 An.Jur., Statutes, §§ 463, 464. Cf. Statutory Construction Act of May 28, 1937, P.L. 1019, as amended, 46 P.S. § 551. The purposes of both statutes in enforcing support by civil procedures are the same and there is no legal obstacle to giving reciprocal effect to the provisions of the acts within these fields of their substantial similarity. We are all agreed that the court erred in finding fatal dissimilarity in the two statutes because of the Criminal Enforcement provisions of the Pennsylvania Act, and the fact that the Florida law relates to support of wife and children only while the subject of the Pennsylvania Act is the support of all dependents. In the Historical Note, Uniform Laws Annotated 9A, 1953, Cumulative Pocket Part, p. 49, the opinion is expressed that 'The Uniform Support of Dependents Law * * * is sufficiently similar to the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act to permit reciprocity between those states which have adopted either law * * *.' Cf. Hodges v. Hodges, 202 Misc. 71, 108 N.Y.S.2d 286.

The Florida Act in § 3(2) authorizes the certification of the proceedings from that state to any court, in another state having substantially similar laws, which has jurisdiction 'to determine the liability of persons for the support of dependents within and without such state.' The petition in this case was certified to a quarter sessions court which is the court in which proceedings for support of dependents are usually brought in this State. The quarter sessions in Pennsylvania can dispose of a matter certified to it only by its own procedures in the enforcement of the public policy of this State. Cf. Commonwealth ex rel. Bucciarelli v. Bucciarelli, 162 Pa.Super. 582, 586, 60 A.2d 554. At the relation of a wife entitled to support the Commonwealth is a proper plaintiff in an action for support in a quarter sessions court...