Com. ex rel. Sheppard v. Central Penn Nat. Bank

• Decision Date: 20 July 1977
• Citation: 375 A.2d 874,31 Pa.Cmwlth. 190
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, ex rel. William J. SHEPPARD, Insurance Commissioner, Statutory Liquidator for Gateway Insurance Co., Plaintiff, v. CENTRAL PENN NATIONAL BANK, Defendant.
• Court: Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court

Page 874

375 A.2d 874

31 Pa.Cmwlth. 190

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, ex rel. William J. SHEPPARD Insurance Commissioner, Statutory Liquidator for Gateway Insurance Co., Plaintiff, v. CENTRAL PENN NATIONAL BANK, Defendant.

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued March 8, 1977.

Decided July 20, 1977.

G. David Rosenblum, Astor & Weiss, Philadelphia, for plaintiff.

Richard M. Shusterman, White & Williams, Philadelphia, for defendant.

Before BOWMAN, President Judge, and CRUMLISH, Jr., KRAMER, WILKINSON, MENCER, ROGERS and BLATT, JJ.

BOWMAN, President Judge.

Plaintiff, William J. Sheppard, Insurance Commissioner and Statutory Liquidator for Gateway Insurance Company (Gateway) initiated this action in assumpsit within our original jurisdiction to recover certain monies (alleged to total $709,864.05) which were previously held either by Gateway or by a related company allegedly in Gateway's behalf, in various accounts maintained with the defendant, Central Penn National Bank. Presently before us are the plaintiff's preliminary objections to the "new matter and setoffs and/or counterclaims" asserted by the defendant.

On July 12, 1974, plaintiff, as Insurance Commissioner, entered an order suspending the entire business of Gateway pursuant to Section 502 of The Insurance Department Act of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-one ¹ (Act), 40 P.S. § 202, on the ground that the company was insolvent and in such condition that its further transaction of business would be hazardous to its policyholders, its creditors and to the public. On August 21, 1974, an Order was entered by this Court at No. 984 C.D.1974, which, inter alia, declared Gateway insolvent, ordered its liquidation, vested title to all its books of account, records, property, contracts, rights of action and assets in the Insurance Commissioner as Statutory Liquidator, and enjoined all persons from instituting or prosecuting any action at law or in equity against Gateway.

Meanwhile, defendant had, on or about July 15, 16 and 17, 1974, debited the entire balances of all accounts of Gateway as well as various other related companies, pursuant, in Gateway's case, to a suretyship agreement (agreement) executed by Gateway on January 6, 1970. Under this agreement, Gateway became surety for all present and future obligations of Acme Assurance Agency, Inc. (Acme), a Pennsylvania corporation which acted as agent for Gateway and was, like Gateway, a wholly owned subsidiary of Fisco, Inc. (Fisco). The agreement also afforded the defendant a lien upon all of Gateway's funds, monies, balances and other property at any time in defendant's possession, together with the full right to apply, set off or credit the same against Gateway's liability. On September 20, 1973, defendant had loaned Acme $2,500,000.00 which was secured by the aforementioned agreement as well as similar agreements executed by Fisco and other related companies and was evidenced by a demand note in the amount of the loan plus interest.

Upon learning of the suspension order of July 12, 1974, defendant made demand upon Gateway and the other companies for immediate payment in the amount of $2,500,000.00 plus accrued interest and immediately began exercising its right of setoff under the various suretyship agreements. ² It was the defendant's action of setting off the amounts in the various accounts that precipitated this action by the plaintiff to recover those amounts. In its answer, defendant has denied any improper action on its part and, in addition, has asserted, in nine separate counts, various "Setoffs and/or Counterclaims" (hereinafter referred to as simply "counterclaims") based on the suretyship agreement and on the alleged wrongful actions of Gateway and its agents, officers and employees in inducing defendant to make the loan to Acme. Defendant requests judgment in its favor in the amount of $2,199,274.13 plus additional interest, attorneys' fees and the cost of this action. Plaintiff's preliminary objections primarily challenge the right of defendant to assert such counterclaims in this action.

Plaintiff argues that such counterclaims cannot be maintained in view of Section 502 of the Act which provides in pertinent part:

"From the date of such suspension (by the Insurance Commissioner) on the ground that the suspended organization is insolvent, or is in such condition that its further transaction of business will be hazardous to its policyholders or to its creditors or to the public, no action at law or equity shall be commenced or prosecuted nor shall any judgment be entered against nor shall any execution or attachment be issued or prosecuted against the suspended company . . . or against its property, in any court of this Commonwealth . . . ." (Emphasis added.)

We view this argument as essentially raising the affirmative defense of statutory immunity from suit, which defense should properly be pleaded as new matter in an answer or, in this case, in plaintiff's reply to defendant's counterclaims. It is clear that such a defense cannot be asserted, as two of plaintiff's preliminary objections attempt to do, as: 1) a motion to strike for lack of conformity to law pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. No. 1017(b)(2); or 2) a petition raising the defense of lack of capacity to sue pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. No. 1017(b)(5). The purpose of a motion to strike under 1017(b)(2) is to object to formal errors in pleading and lack of capacity to sue refers to some personal disability of a party to bring an action. See Goodrich-Amram 2d § 1017(b):8, 14. Neither of these objections can be employed to raise the defense of immunity from suit and they must, therefore, be overruled.

Plaintiff has also attempted to assert immunity by way of a demurrer. While, as we have indicated above, this too is improper as a matter of form, this Court as well as the Supreme Court have, in the interest of judicial economy, frequently allowed immunity to be raised by demurrer where the other party has not objected; see e. g. Freach v. Commonwealth, 471 Pa. 558, ---, n.6, 370 A.2d 1163, 1166, n.6 (1977). Since defendant here has not questioned the manner in which plaintiff has raised the immunity issue and since no purpose would be served by requiring plaintiff to file a reply raising that same issue, we will consider it on the demurrer. As we are of the view that Section 502 of the Act does confer immunity on plaintiff with respect to defendant's counterclaims, the demurrer will be sustained.

While we agree with defendant that plaintiff, as statutory liquidator, "stands in the shoes" of Gateway and that his contract rights are "not superior to nor 'more extensive than' those of the carrier whose affairs he is liquidating", Commonwealth ex rel. Kelly v. Commonwealth Mutual Insurance Co., 450 Pa. 177, 181, 299 A.2d 604, 606 (1973), defendant seems to ignore the fact that the claim of immunity here is based not on any contract rights but on a specific statutory right conferred by Section 502. That section clearly provides that from the date of suspension, which, in this case, was July 12, 1974, "no action at law or equity shall be commenced or prosecuted . . . in any court of this Commonwealth." 40 P.S. § 202. ³ Defendant's brief makes no reference to Section 502, the provisions of which we view as absolutely controlling here.

While we recognize that the so-called Defalcation Act of 1705, 1 Sm.L. 49, 12 P.S. § 601, did first establish a right in defendants to set off or "defalc" claims in certain cases, and that Pa.R.C.P. No. 1031 does prescribe the manner in which counterclaims are to be pleaded, we do not see how that statute or the procedural rules in any way vitiate the clear grant of immunity provided in Section 502. The intent of Section 502 is to freeze the rights of creditors and...