Com. v. Aguado

• Decision Date: 06 October 2000
• Citation: 760 A.2d 1181
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. Jason AGUADO, Appellant.
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

760 A.2d 1181

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. Jason AGUADO, Appellant.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued April 17, 2000.

Filed October 6, 2000.

Michael G. Paul, Philadelphia, for appellant.

Michael Gehring, Asst. Dist. Atty., Philadelphia, for Commonwealth., appellee.

BEFORE: McEWEN, President Judge, DEL SOLE, HUDOCK, EAKIN, JOYCE, STEVENS, MUSMANNO, ORIE MELVIN, and TODD, JJ.

MUSMANNO, J.

¶ 1 Jason Aguado ("Aguado") appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed following his conviction of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver.¹ We vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial.

¶ 2 On August 7, 1996, at approximately 7:50 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers Scott Forstater and Joseph McCook were on routine patrol in a marked police wagon in the area of the 1800 block of Hart Lane. N.T., 7/30/97, at 30-32. As he was travelling on Hart Lane, Officer Forstater observed Aguado standing on the northwest corner of Ruth Street and Hart Lane. Id. at 34. As Officer Forstater watched, Aguado received United States currency from a white male. Id. Aguado then removed some small, light-colored objects from a brown paper bag, which he was holding, and handed them to the white male. Id. As the officers drove into the intersection, Aguado looked in their direction and then tossed the paper bag on the sidewalk. Id.

¶ 3 The officers exited their vehicle and approached Aguado. Id. Officer Forstater stopped Aguado, and, at Officer Forstater's direction, Officer McCook retrieved the paper bag from the ground. Id. The bag contained ten clear plastic vials containing a white chunky substance, which was later determined to be less than two grams of crack cocaine. Id. at 34-35; N.T., 7/31/97, at 24, 47. The officers arrested Aguado and seized $93.00 from his person. Id. at 144.

¶ 4 A jury convicted Aguado of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver. Thereafter, the trial court sentenced Aguado to a prison term of 11 ½ to 23 months in the county jail, to be followed by a probation term of 60 months. Aguado then filed the instant timely appeal.

¶ 5 Aguado raises the following claims for our review: (1) the verdict was contrary to the weight and sufficiency of the evidence;² (2) the trial court erred in failing to grant Aguado's Motion in limine, in which he sought the exclusion of evidence of his prior conviction for possession of cocaine with the intent to deliver; (3) trial counsel was ineffective for failing to seek the suppression of certain evidence, failing to properly investigate the case, and for failing to communicate with Aguado regarding trial options; (4) the Commonwealth committed prosecutorial misconduct; and (5) Aguado's sentence was excessive.³

¶ 6 Aguado first claims that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. According to Aguado, the police officers' version of events was not credible. In support of this contention, Aguado points out the fact that the arresting officers were unable to find the white male to whom he allegedly had delivered cocaine.

¶ 7 The decision to grant a new trial based on a challenge to the weight of the evidence rests within the discretion of the trial court. Commonwealth v. Brown, 538 Pa. 410, 436, 648 A.2d 1177, 1189 (1994). "Appellate review, therefore, is a review of the exercise of discretion, not the underlying question whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence." Id. "Whereas a trial court's decision to grant or deny a new trial is aided by an on-the-scene evaluation of the evidence, an appellate court's review rests solely upon a cold record." Id. at 436, 648 A.2d at 1190.

¶ 8 Because of this disparity in vantage points, an appellate court may not merely substitute its opinion concerning the weight of the evidence for that of the trial court. Instead, the appellate court must assess whether the trial court has palpably abused its discretion. In making this assessment, we must examine the entire record to ascertain whether the trial judge's reasons and factual basis can be supported. Id. "[When] the record adequately supports the trial court, the trial court has acted within the limits of its judicial discretion." Id. at 436-37, 648 A.2d at 1190.

¶ 9 In his meager argument, Aguado challenges the jury's credibility determinations. The jury, however, is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented. Commonwealth v. Griscavage, 512 Pa. 540, 546, 517 A.2d 1256, 1259 (1986). Because the evidence, as set forth above, adequately supports the trial court's determination, we discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court in concluding that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence. See Commonwealth v. Ragan, 439 Pa.Super. 337, 653 A.2d 1286, 1287 (1995)

(holding that the Superior Court is not free to answer the underlying question of whether we believe that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence).

¶ 10 In his Brief, Aguado also claims that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver. According to Aguado, the Commonwealth failed to establish that he actually delivered narcotics to the white male.

¶ 11 The test for determining the sufficiency of the evidence is whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner and drawing all proper inferences favorable to the Commonwealth, the jury could have determined that all of the elements of the crime have been established beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Hagan, 539 Pa. 609, 613, 654 A.2d 541, 543 (1995). "[T]he Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence." Commonwealth v. Harper, 485 Pa. 572, 576, 403 A.2d 536, 538 (1979). The facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not be absolutely incompatible with the defendant's innocence, but the question of any doubt is for the jury unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact can be drawn from the combined circumstances. Commonwealth v. Seibert, 424 Pa.Super. 242, 622 A.2d 361, 363 (1993).

¶ 12 In order to uphold a conviction for possession of narcotics with the intent to deliver, the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant possessed a controlled substance and did so with the intent to deliver it. Commonwealth v. Harper, 416 Pa.Super. 608, 611 A.2d 1211 (1992). The intent to deliver may be inferred from an examination of the facts and circumstances surrounding the case. Id. at 1217. Factors which may be relevant in establishing that drugs were possessed with the intent to deliver include the particular method of packaging, the form of the drug, and the behavior of the defendant. Commonwealth v. Sherrell, 414 Pa.Super. 477, 607 A.2d 767 (1992).

¶ 13 Keeping in mind our standard of review, we conclude that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Aguado's conviction. The Commonwealth presented evidence that Officer Forstater witnessed Aguado accept cash from an unidentified white male, in exchange for a number of small, light colored objects that Aguado retrieved from a brown paper bag. N.T., 7/30/97, at 34. Officer Forstater observed Aguado discard that paper bag upon the officers' approach. Id. Subsequent investigation revealed that the paper bag contained ten individual vials containing crack cocaine, and that Aguado possessed $93.00 in cash. Id. at 34-35; N.T., 7/31/97, at 24, 47, 144. This evidence was sufficient to establish that Aguado possessed cocaine with intent to deliver. See Commonwealth v. Torres, 421 Pa.Super. 233, 617 A.2d 812 (1992)

(holding that evidence of individually wrapped bags of cocaine and the lack of paraphernalia for consumption of crack cocaine gave rise to an inference of intent to deliver); Commonwealth v. Ramos, 392 Pa.Super. 583, 573 A.2d 1027, 1033-34 (1990) (holding that the defendant's possession of nine individually prepackaged rocks of crack cocaine coupled with defendant's act of placing the drugs beneath a parked car was sufficient evidence of an intent to deliver).

¶ 14 Aguado next claims that the trial court erred in failing to grant his Motion in limine. Aguado previously had been convicted of possession of cocaine with the intent to deliver in the vicinity of 1817 Hart Lane.⁴ The prior conviction resulted from an incident that took place nine months earlier, in the same neighborhood. Aguado filed a Motion in limine seeking to preclude the admission of evidence related to this prior conviction.

¶ 15 The record reveals that the parties discussed Aguado's Motion prior to the start of the second day of Aguado's trial. N.T., 7/31/97, at 2-8. At that time, Aguado argued: (1) his prior conviction could not be admitted in the Commonwealth's case-in-chief to show his bad character or his propensity to commit criminal acts; (2) the prior conviction for drug trafficking could not be admitted to impeach his credibility should he take the stand; and (3) his prior conviction could not be admitted to show his intent to sell drugs.

¶ 16 The trial court agreed that the conviction could not be used simply to demonstrate Aguado's bad character or his propensity to commit crimes and that the conviction, since it was not a crimen falsi, could not be used to impeach Aguado's credibility. N.T., 7/31/97, at 4. In addition, the Commonwealth indicated that it would not offer evidence of Aguado's prior conviction in its case-in-chief. Id. at 3. However, the trial court deferred ruling on the Commonwealth's use of the prior conviction as rebuttal evidence until such time as Aguado's defense became clear. Id. at 3-8.

¶ 17 The parties again discussed the Motion in limine immediately before Aguado was to testify. Id. at 131-39. At that time, the trial court reiterated that it would defer ruling on the admissibility of the prior conviction as rebuttal...