Com. v. Burnette
Decision Date | 24 February 1994 |
Docket Number | No. 92-SC-161-DG,92-SC-161-DG |
Citation | 875 S.W.2d 865 |
Parties | COMMONWEALTH of Kentucky, Appellant, v. Ward BURNETTE, John D. Wolf and John Kelly, Appellees. |
Court | Supreme Court of Kentucky |
Chris Gorman, Atty. Gen., Michael L. Harned, Asst. Atty. Gen., Crim. Appellate Div., Frankfort, for appellant.
M. Gail Robinson, Kevin M. McNally, Frankfort, for appellee, Burnette.
William E. Johnson, Richard M. Guarnieri, David C. Schwetschenau, Stoll, Keenon & Park, Frankfort, for appellee, Wolf.
Frank E. Haddad, Jr., Louisville, for appellee, Kelly.
Ward Burnette and John D. Wolf were convicted in the Franklin Circuit Court of theft by deception and were sentenced to fines of $5,000 for their part in deceiving the Commonwealth into paying $5,435.79 for two unauthorized chartered airplane flights taken in December, 1987. John Kelly was convicted of complicity to theft by deception and sentenced to a fine of $2,500 for his part in promoting the deception. These convictions were reversed by the Court of Appeals. We granted discretionary review and, as there was ample evidence to support the convictions, reverse the Court of Appeals and affirm the judgments entered by the trial court.
Burnette was elected Commissioner of Agriculture in November 1987. Wolf had taken a leave of absence from his job in the Department of Agriculture from September, 1987 to January, 1988; however he was still on the state payroll. There was testimony that during his leave of absence Wolf had no official function with the Department of Agriculture. Wolf was subsequently appointed as the Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture.
On December 14 and 15, 1987, after the election but prior to Burnette's assuming office, Burnette, Wolf, and two other private citizens, Bruce Harper (farm manager for then Governor-Elect Wallace Wilkinson) and Harold Duckworth (a Cynthiana farmer), took two privately chartered airplane flights from Lexington, Kentucky. There was testimony that the men first flew to Chicago and met with officials of the American Haytech Corporation who had earlier expressed an interest to Duckworth in the possibility of developing a hay processing facility in Cynthiana. There was also testimony that the next day the same group flew to Washington, D.C. and met with officials of the Foreign Agriculture Service with the United States Department of Agriculture. However, John Moore, Assistant Director of Administrative Services of the Kentucky Agriculture Department, testified that he had talked to Wolf several times regarding the bill and that no mention was made of the hay program which was the claimed purpose of these trips. During one conversation with Wolf, Burnette was also present and Burnette and Wolf talked about the flight and that it was a "celebration" for the election.
Both chartered flights were arranged at Harper's request by Angela Hicks, an employee of Wilkinson Flying Service. Hicks testified, and Harper denied, that Harper instructed her to list the flight dates as January 4 and 5 because the Department of Agriculture might not pay for flights taken in December before Burnette took office.
Angelina Bennett, an employee of the Department of Agriculture, received the bill for processing. She testified that the dates caught her attention because one of the dates was the same day Burnette was in Frankfort being sworn in as Agriculture Commissioner. An additional problem was that the bill was on Wilkinson Flying Service stationery--a potential conflict of interest if the Governor's company was doing business with the state.
Burnette and Wolf subsequently met with Rogers Wells, the Secretary of Finance and Administration. Burnette asked Wells if Wells could help him get the bill paid and told Wells that, although the bill was from Wilkinson Flying Service, the plane did not belong to Wilkinson Flying Service. Appellees Burnette and Wolf testified that Burnette told Wells that the flights were in December, 1987. However, Wells testified that neither Burnette nor Wolf told him that the January dates were erroneous.
Wells turned the bills over to his chief assistant, appellee Kelly. Wells testified that he told Kelly that the Commonwealth could not pay for a flight by a plane owned by the Governor and directed him to pay the invoices if they should be paid, and, if not, to reject them.
Kelly contacted Angela Hicks, who informed him that the plane was actually owned by Central Rock Company. Hicks testified that Kelly instructed her to submit new invoices from Central Rock and to leave Harper off the passenger list. She also testified that Kelly told her he did not want the bill to indicate the flights had occurred only one day apart and to alter the flight dates to January 14 and 20. Hicks further testified that Kelly said he did not want to know when the trips actually occurred and did not comment when she told him they were taken in December. Kelly testified that he only asked Hicks to change the bills to Central Rock letterhead after learning that Central Rock, not Wilkinson Flying Service, owned the plane and denied asking Hicks to change the dates because they were unimportant to him; only the Wilkinson letterhead was a problem.
Hicks changed the dates to January 14 and 20, 1988, left Harper's name off the passenger list and sent the new bills, on Central Rock letterhead, to Military Affairs. Military Affairs pays for all state government flights and is then reimbursed by the appropriate agencies. Military Affairs questioned the bills because they were not accompanied by certain forms which should have been sent by the Agriculture Department. The invoices were ultimately paid, however, following Burnette's assurances that the appropriate forms would be forwarded. Military Affairs issued a $5,435.79 check to Central Rock for the two flights.
The inter-account bill sent by Military Affairs to the Agriculture Department was approved by Wolf, and Military Affairs was reimbursed by Agriculture Department funds. The events in question came to light during an annual audit of the Agriculture Department when it was noted that Burnette was in Hopkinsville on the day given for the first flight and in Atlanta on the day given for the second flight.
Burnette and Wolf were charged with theft by deception for making the two unauthorized flights and then charging the flights to the Commonwealth and creating a false impression as to their authority to do so. This false impression was created through invoices bearing false information indicating that the flights had been taken after the date Burnette had taken office as Commissioner of Agriculture. Kelly was charged with complicity to theft by deception by directing Wilkinson Flying Service personnel to resubmit the bill on an invoice from a different company and to include information on the invoice which he knew was inaccurate. The jury found all three men guilty. Harper was also charged with complicity to theft by deception but was acquitted.
KRS 514.040, Theft by Deception, reads in pertinent part:
(1) A person is guilty of theft by deception when he obtains property ... of another by deception with intent to deprive him thereof. A person deceives when he intentionally;
(a) Creates or reinforces a false impression, including false impressions as to law, value, intention, or other state of mind;
. . . . .
(c) Fails to correct a false impression which the deceiver previously created or reinforced or which the deceiver knows to be influencing another to whom he stands in a fiduciary or confidential relationship ...
The evidence shows that Burnette, Wolf and Kelly induced false invoices to be prepared and submitted through channels and failed to correct the false impressions those invoices created as to the dates of the flights. These false invoices specified flight dates in January 1988, dates which, if true, would have justified payment of the charges incurred, because Burnette was at that time Commissioner of Agriculture. The Department of Military Affairs issued a check to Central Rock in payment of the false invoices.
Burnette knew theft by deception had occurred. When interviewed by State Police during their investigation in this matter, Burnette admitted he "had no authority" to incur an expense of this nature on behalf of the Commonwealth of Kentucky at the time the flights were taken. There was ample evidence from which the jury could find all three appellees knew of the deceptive bills.
Although the statute is "silent on the question of the necessity of victim's reliance on the false impression," reliance is "a necessary element under KRS 514.040." Brown v. Commonwealth, Ky., 656 S.W.2d 727, 728 (1983). The Court of Appeals reversed the convictions because Secretary of Finance Rogers Wells "testified that the erroneous flight dates were of no consequence when considering payment." Actually, Wells testified that if the facts were as the defense attorneys put them and if the proper documentation were provided, then he would have approved payment of the bills. Also, Wells went on to testify that he would have had to consult with his attorney to determine if an incoming commissioner and an on leave employee would have been eligible for reimbursement since he had not looked into the matter that closely. The Adjutant General testified that had he known the true dates of the flight, it would have been an issue. The evidence remains that neither Wells nor Military Affairs was given the opportunity to approve payment for the actual flights and determine if they should pay for flights before Burnette became Commissioner. The proper documentation for December flights was also never provided. Thus, payment to Central Rock was made in reliance on the erroneous flight dates.
Appellees point out KRS 514.040(2), which provides:
"The term 'deceive' does not, however, include falsity as to matters having no pecuniary significance...."
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