Com. v. Butler
Decision Date | 19 December 2002 |
Citation | 812 A.2d 631,571 Pa. 441 |
Parties | COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee v. Albert BUTLER, Appellant. |
Court | Pennsylvania Supreme Court |
Patrick Joseph Egan, Philadelphia, for Albert Butler, appellant.
Catherine Lynn Marshall, Philadelphia, for the Com. of PA, Appellee
Before: ZAPPALA, C.J., and CAPPY, CASTILLE, NIGRO, NEWMAN, SAYLOR and EAKIN, JJ.
We granted allowance of appeal in this case to determine whether the Superior Court erred in affirming the denial of Appellant's petition for relief under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-46, when it deemed all of Appellant's issues waived due to counsel's failure to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
On November 17, 1995, a jury convicted Appellant of murder of the first degree, robbery, and criminal conspiracy.1 The trial court sentenced Appellant to life imprisonment for the first degree murder conviction, along with two concurrent sentences of five to ten years' imprisonment for the robbery and conspiracy convictions. The Superior Court affirmed, Commonwealth v. Butler, 706 A.2d 1249 (Pa.Super. 1997) (unpublished memorandum), and Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal to this Court.
Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition on February 26, 1998. After the PCRA court appointed counsel, Appellant filed an amended petition.2 The PCRA court dismissed Appellant's amended petition without a hearing and Appellant filed a notice of appeal with the Superior Court. On June 25, 1999, the PCRA court ordered Appellant to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, pursuant to Pa. R.A.P.1925(b). Appellant failed to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. As a result, the PCRA court issued an opinion that addressed only the claims raised in the amended PCRA petition.
The Superior Court affirmed in a published opinion. Commonwealth v. Butler, 756 A.2d 55 (Pa.Super.2000). Relying on this Court's decision in Commonwealth v. Lord, 553 Pa. 415, 719 A.2d 306 (1998), the court reasoned that it could "only conduct meaningful review where the appellant writes a Rule 1925(b) statement and the court below ... responds to those issues in its opinion." Butler, 756 A.2d at 58. Accordingly, the court held that appellants will face waiver if they fail to comply with a court's order to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. Id. In light of Appellant's failure to file a Rule 1925(b) statement, the Superior Court deemed all of Appellant's issues waived and affirmed the denial of Appellant's amended PCRA petition. Id.
We granted Appellant's petition for allowance of appeal, limited to the issue of whether the Superior Court erred in deeming all of Appellant's issues waived due to his failure to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. Commonwealth v. Butler, 564 Pa. 471, 769 A.2d 442 (2001). As the Commonwealth never raised Rule 1925 waiver, Appellant argues that the Superior Court improperly deemed his issues waived sua sponte.
As promulgated by this Court, Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925 provides, in pertinent part:
Prior to our decision in Lord, the intermediate appellate courts seized upon an apparent vest of discretion contained in the language of Rule 1925: "A failure to comply with such direction may be considered by the appellate court as a waiver...." Pa.R.A.P.1925(b) (emphasis added). As a result, courts enforced waiver under Rule 1925 by determining whether they could conduct a "meaningful review" despite an appellant's failure to either file a Rule 1925(b) statement or include certain issues within a filed statement.3
In Lord, however, this Court eliminated any aspect of discretion and established a bright-line rule for waiver under Rule 1925: Lord, 719 A.2d at 309 (emphasis added). Thus, waiver under Rule 1925 is automatic.
The same is true in PCRA appeals, despite the recitation of issues within a PCRA petition. As we noted in Lord, the purpose of Rule 1925 is "to aid trial judges in identifying and focusing upon those issues that the parties plan to raise on appeal." Id. at 308; see also Commonwealth v. Johnson, 565 Pa. 51, 771 A.2d 751, 755 (2001)
(. ) As the Superior Court cogently observed, PCRA petitions fail to serve that purpose. Here, the claims in Appellant's amended PCRA petition were identical to the issues that Appellant ultimately argued before the Superior Court. While the PCRA court was well acquainted with the claims raised in the amended PCRA petition, Appellant's failure to comply with the court's order to file a Rule 1925(b) statement compelled the court to speculate which of those claims Appellant would maintain on appeal. Bearing in mind the purpose of Rule 1925, this result is unsupportable. Therefore, as PCRA petitions do not fully inform PCRA courts of what issues an appellant will raise on appeal, a PCRA petition cannot serve as a substitute for a Rule 1925(b) statement.
We reiterate our holding in Lord, and now expressly apply it to PCRA appeals. PCRA appellants, in order to preserve their claims for appellate review, must comply whenever the PCRA court orders them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal under Rule 1925. Accordingly, any issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b) statement are waived. See Lord, 719 A.2d at 309
.
Applying the preceding to the case sub judice, Appellant's failure to comply with the PCRA court's order to file a Rule 1925(b) statement resulted in the automatic waiver of any issues he may have raised on appeal. As issues not preserved for appellate review generally may not be considered by an appellate court, the Superior Court properly refused to address the merits of Appellant's waived claims.
Even so, Appellant argues that the Superior Court erred in deeming his issues waived sua sponte. As explained supra, however, Rule 1925 waiver is automatic. Accordingly, the Superior Court properly deemed Appellant's issues waived under Rule 1925, notwithstanding that the Commonwealth never briefed or argued Rule 1925 waiver. Moreover, if we were to accept Appellant's position, courts would be constrained to selectively enforce the Rule based upon the arguments of parties, which would subvert the purpose and effectiveness of Rule 1925.
Lastly, Appellant has attached an unverified Rule 1925(b) statement to his brief and avers that he "provided" it to the PCRA court. Appellant's Brief at 5, Appendix "C." Appellant does not allege that he properly filed this statement with the PCRA court. Rather, the unverified Rule 1925(b) statement is addressed directly to the PCRA court judge. In addition, Appellant's unverified Rule 1925(b) statement does not appear anywhere in the original record, is not evinced by any docket entry, and does not bear the customary "time stamp" of the clerk of courts.
Rule 1925 is not satisfied when an appellant merely mails his Rule 1925(b) statement to the presiding judge. Rather, Rule 1925(b) requires appellants to "file of record in the lower court and serve on the trial judge a concise statement of the matters complained of on the appeal...." Pa. R.A.P.1925(b). Even if we were to accept Appellant's unproven assertions that he mailed his statement to the PCRA court judge, Appellant nonetheless failed to properly file the statement with the clerk of courts. Thus, as "[a]ny issues not raised in a 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived[,]" Appellant's failure to properly file a Rule 1925(b) statement waives any issues he may have raised. See Lord, 719 A.2d at 309
.
The order of the Superior Court is affirmed.
Justice EAKIN did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
I join the majority opinion, which affirms the order of the Superior Court, which affirmed the denial of appellant's petition for relief under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-46. I write separately to address points made in the dissenting opinion by Mr. Justice Nigro.
The majority holds that appellant's failure to properly file a statement of matters complained of on appeal, in response to the PCRA court's directive that he do so under Pa.R.A.P.1925(b), results in the waiver of any appellate issues he would have raised. This holding is commanded by Commonwealth v. Lord, 553 Pa. 415, 719 A.2d 306 (1998). As the majority notes, in Lord, this Court, in an opinion authored by Mr. Justice Nigro, specifically held that:
[F]rom this day forward, in order to preserve their claims for appellate review, Appellants must comply whenever the trial court orders them to file a Statement of Matters...
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