Com. v. Isaiah I.

• Decision Date: 09 February 2007
• Citation: 448 Mass. 334,861 N.E.2d 404
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. ISAIAH I., a juvenile.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

861 N.E.2d 404

448 Mass. 334

COMMONWEALTH v. ISAIAH I., a juvenile.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued December 4, 2006.

Decided February 9, 2007.

Brian M. Wiseman, Medford, for the juvenile.

Dean A. Mazzone, Assistant District Attorney (Sarah B. Richardson & Kathleen Celio, Assistant District Attorneys, with him) for the Commonwealth.

Present: MARSHALL, C.J., GREANEY, IRELAND, SPINA, COWIN, SOSMAN, & CORDY, JJ.

IRELAND, J.

A Juvenile Court judge allowed the defendant juvenile's motion to suppress a firearm that was seized from him after police searched him in a store in the Dorchester section of Boston. A single justice of this court allowed the Commonwealth's application for leave to pursue an interlocutory appeal to the Appeals Court. The Appeals Court, in an unpublished memorandum and order pursuant to its rule 1:28, Commonwealth v. Isaiah I, a juvenile, 65 Mass.App.Ct. 1111, 840 N.E.2d 67, 2005 WL 3543948 (2005) reversed the judge's decision, after adding facts to fill in gaps in the judge's factual findings. We granted the juvenile's application for further appellate review to determine whether the judge properly allowed his motion to suppress. Because we conclude that the judge's factual findings are inadequate and would require us to add facts in an attempt to fill in gaps in the findings, we remand the case to the judge for further factual findings, reconsideration of legal conclusions in light of the further findings, and other proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Facts and procedural background. The juvenile was charged as a youthful offender with unlawful possession of a firearm in 2003. He filed a motion to suppress, and the judge held an evidentiary hearing at which two Boston police detectives testified. The juvenile presented no witnesses. At the conclusion of the hearing, the judge allowed the motion in an oral order. The Commonwealth subsequently requested, and the judge issued, written findings of fact and ruling of law. Mass. R.Crim. P. 15(b)(2), as appearing in 422 Mass. 1501 (1996). In the written decision, the judge found the following:

"On January 30, 2004, Boston Police Officer Brian Black and Det. William Doogan¹ were driving in an unmarked cruiser in the area of Ferndale Road and Norfolk Street. As they passed Ada's Tropical Market they saw a young black male, Tyrone Green standing near the store. Another young black male [the juvenile] was standing near the store looking into the store, which at the time was open, with one hand in his pocket, moving it around. The young men were not standing together, nor were they talking with each other. Mr. Green actually lived on Norfolk Street. The officers had not received any calls for a crime about to be committed or having been committed that evening at or anywhere near the store.

"Prior to pulling the car over the only words the officers said to one another were `do you see what I see?' Upon stopping in front of the store, the officers got out of the car and immediately started pursuit of the two males. The Officers never called out to the males, never attempted to question them, never identified themselves as police and never saw anything in their hands. [The juvenile] went into the store, which was open and proceeded to the back of the store near the snacks and deli. Officer Doogan chased [the juvenile] into ... the back of the store, where [the juvenile] was seen with his hand near his sock. Officer Doogan never saw a weapon in or near [the juvenile's] pocket or sock. Officer Doogan searched and cuffed [the juvenile] never identifying himself ...

"Based on the facts as presented, the juvenile was merely seen looking into a window of a well lit open store.

"The officers never saw a gun, or anything that looked like a weapon. Additionally, the officers never saw any interaction between the two males on the street or any movement that would lead them to believe they were together. Nor had they ever seen these two males before. The officers did cite that in the past, not that day nor any definite amount of days prior, there had been purse snatches in the `area.' However, none was attributed to happening in front of this store, on this block, or either of these two males."²

The judge concluded that the detectives did not have reasonable suspicion to stop the juvenile and granted the motion to suppress.

In reversing the judge's decision, the Appeals Court stated that some of the judge's findings were clearly erroneous as was her ultimate legal conclusion. For example, the court noted, and the record supports, that there was no testimony that Detective Doogan "chased" the juvenile into the store, or that the juvenile was seen with his hand near (rather than in) his sock.³ The court also stated that the judge made no finding regarding the credibility of the detectives who testified and therefore the court "added uncontroverted facts to fill out the narrative." In doing so, the Appeals Court relied on the testimony of the two detectives who testified.

Discussion. The Commonwealth argues that the factual findings on which the motion judge based her legal conclusion are clearly erroneous. Commonwealth v Thomas, 429 Mass. 403, 405, 708 N.E.2d 669 (1999) ("motion judge's findings of fact are binding in the absence of clear error"). The Commonwealth also argues that this court may review the record and find the support necessary to reverse the judge's decision to grant the motion to dismiss, because it is clear that the judge credited the detectives' uncontroverted testimony.⁴

Appellate courts may supplement a judge's finding of facts if the evidence is uncontroverted and undisputed and where the judge explicitly or implicitly credited the witness's testimony. Commonwealth v. Alvarado, 423 Mass. 266, 268 n. 2, 667 N.E.2d 856 (1996). Commonwealth v. Santiago, 410 Mass. 737, 738 n. 2, 575 N.E.2d 350 (1991). See Commonwealth v. Butler, 423 Mass. 517, 526 n. 10, 668 N.E.2d 832 (1996) (appellate court considers uncontroverted testimony that "in no way contradict[s] the motion judge's findings [but] merely fill[s] out the narrative"); Commonwealth v. Scott, 52 Mass.App.Ct. 486, 492, 754 N.E.2d 728 (2001), S.C., 57 Mass.App.Ct. 36, 781 N.E.2d 27 (2003), and, 440 Mass. 642, 801 N.E.2d 233 (2004) (court's willingness to supplement motion judge's findings based on confidence, that material "is indeed uncontroverted" and that motion judge "explicitly or implicitly credited the witness's testimony"). In addition, "[o]n a motion to suppress, `[t]he determination of the weight and credibility of the testimony is the function and responsibility of the [motion] judge who saw the witnesses, and not this court.'" Commonwealth v. Yesilciman, 406 Mass. 736, 743, 550 N.E.2d 378 (1990), quoting Commonwealth v. Moon, 380 Mass. 751, 756, 405 N.E.2d 947 (1980).

As the Appeals Court noted, some of the judge's findings of fact are clearly erroneous. In addition, some of the factual findings omit mention of related testimony so as to appear incomplete. Two examples will suffice. First, both detectives testified that there had been a string of robberies on several streets in the area, including on Norfolk Street, where they had observed the juvenile in front of the store. They also testified that there were armed robberies, what t...