Com. v. Moran

Decision Date31 March 1976
Citation370 Mass. 10,345 N.E.2d 380
PartiesCOMMONWEALTH v. Robert MORAN
CourtUnited States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Richard S. Goldstein, Boston, for defendant.

Joseph E. Coffey, Jr., Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.

Before HENNESSEY, C.J., and REARDON, QUIRICO, BRAUCHER, and WILKINS, JJ.

BRAUCHER, Justice.

The defendant appeals under G.L. c. 278, §§ 33A--33G, from a conviction of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon. He assigns error in the denial of a motion to suppress a gun and holster seized on the porch of his apartment, and in discrimination against women in the selection of the grand jury. We hold that there were exigent circumstances which justified a warrantless entry into his apartment to arrest him, overrule his assignments of error, and affirm the judgment.

1. Warrantless arrest. The gun and holster were in plain view, and the defendant argues only that the police had no right to be in the apartment. No argument is made that the police lacked probable cause to arrest, or that there was a search beyond the area permitted under Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 768, 89 S.Ct. 2034, 23 L.Ed.2d 685 (1969), and Commonwealth v. Cohen, 359 Mass. 140, 145--146, 268 N.E.2d 357 (1971), or that the discovery of the evidence violated a requirement of inadvertence. See Commonwealth v. Forde, --- Mass. ---, ---, a 329 N.E.2d 717 (1975). (Hennessey, J., concurring). The sole contention is that there was no 'showing that it was impracticable for the police to obtain a warrant,' as required by Commonwealth v. Forde, supra at ---, b 329 N.E.2d 717 decided after the trial.

The judge made detailed findings, and ruled that no warrant was needed, citing Commonwealth v. Phelps, 209 Mass. 396, 95 N.E. 868 (1911), and Commonwealth v. Andrews, 358 Mass. 721, 724, 267 N.E.2d 233 (1971). The opinions in those cases fully supported his ruling. But in the Forde case, after full consideration, we held 'that the Fourth Amendment prohibits a warrantless entry into a dwelling to arrest in the absence of sufficient justification for the failure to obtain a warrant.' --- Mass. at ---, c 329 N.E.2d at 722.

More recently the Supreme Court has left that question open, but there is no indication that our holding will be disapproved. See United States v. Watson, 423 U.S. 411, 418 N. 6, d citing Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure § 120.6 (Proposed Official Draft 1975).

We summarize the judge's findings. Early on August 17, 1974, the victim reported to Boston police that th had been robbed by two males and a female and struck with a gun in a second floor apartment in Dorchester. About 1 A.M. he and two officers went to the apartment, and were met outside by four other officers, one accompanied by dogs. The house was dark and there was no response, but someone was seen looking out one of the windows. The officers repeatedly called for those inside to come out, without response, although an officer heard someone on the porch. Finally the officers broke down the door with an axe, and the police told the occupants they would send in dogs. A female and a male then came out and were identified by the victim and arrested. Officers entered and found the defendant under the bed in the bedroom, and arrested him. An officer looked out on the porch, saw the gun, and seized it.

The judge concluded that the arrest was lawful. 'There was probable cause to believe defendant had committed a felony. Responding immediately to information received from the victim there was not time for the police to obtain an arrest warrant.' We agree. The facts bring the case within the established exception for exigent circumstances. Commonwealth v. Forde, supra at ---, e 329 N.E.2d 717. Factors supporting the finding are the showing that the crime was one of violence and that the suspect was armed, a clear demonstration of probable cause, strong reason to believe that he was in the dwelling, and a likelihood that he would escape if not apprehended. See ID. AT ---, 329 N.E.2D 717.F The officers demanded admission, although they had reasonable cause to believe that the suspect would escape, that they would be subject to harm in effecting the arrest, and that others might be harmed, evidence destroyed, or property damaged. Entry into a dwelling at night to make an arrest is proper in such circumstances. United States v. Rodriguez, 375 F.Supp. 589, 593 (S.D.Tex.1974), aff'd, 497 F.2d 172 (5th Cir. 1974), and cases cited. State v. Johnson, 232 N.E.2d 477, 480 (Iowa, 1975). Cf. Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure § 120.6 (Proposed Official Draft 1975).

2. Grand Jury. The indictment was returned before the decision in Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522, 95 S.Ct. 692, 42 L.Ed.2d 690 (1975). The rule of that case need not be applied retroactively. Daniel v. Louisiana, 420 U.S. 31, 95 S.Ct. 704, 42 L.Ed.2d 790 (1975)....

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10 cases
  • Com. v. Walker
    • United States
    • United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court
    • June 24, 1976
    ...circumstances surrounding the warrantless entry into an apartment which we recently upheld in Commonwealth v. Moran, --- Mass. --- b , 345 N.E.2d 380. There was no 2. We turn now to the judge's findings and rulings as to the search conducted by the police once they were inside the Freeman a......
  • Commonwealth v. Figueroa
    • United States
    • United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court
    • May 19, 2014
    ...may be destroyed, or the safety of the police or others may be endangered. See id. at 685–692, 919 N.E.2d 660; Commonwealth v. Moran, 370 Mass. 10, 12, 345 N.E.2d 380 (1976). Although these risks need not all be present for there to be exigent circumstances, each was present here. As to the......
  • Com. v. Campbell
    • United States
    • Appeals Court of Massachusetts
    • August 10, 1977
    ...See Commonwealth v. Mobley, --- Mass. ----, ---- - ---- oo , 344 N.E.2d 181 (1976); Commonwealth v. Moran, --- Mass. ----, ---- pp , 345 N.E.2d 380 (1976); Commonwealth Core, --- Mass. ----, ---- - ---- qq , 348 N.E.2d 777 (1976); Commonwealth v. Hunt, --- Mass. ---- rr , 348 N.E.2d 430 (19......
  • Com. v. Tyree
    • United States
    • United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court
    • January 8, 2010
    ...(exigent circumstances where there was no response after police knocked, but officers heard noises inside); Commonwealth v. Moran, 370 Mass. 10, 12, 345 N.E.2d 380 (1976) (same).27 In short, on the record before us, the police had no reason to believe that the suspects were likely to flee t......
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