Com. v. Southerly

• Decision Date: 14 September 2001
• Docket Number: Record No. 002866.
• Citation: 262 Va. 294,551 S.E.2d 650
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Virginia v. Nathan Todd SOUTHERLY.
• Court: Virginia Supreme Court

551 S.E.2d 650

262 Va. 294

COMMONWEALTH of Virginia v. Nathan Todd SOUTHERLY.

Record No. 002866.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

September 14, 2001.

Stephen R. McCullough, Asst. Atty. Gen. (Mark L. Earley, Atty. Gen., on briefs), for appellant.

A. Gene Hart, Jr., Harrisonburg, for appellee.

Present: All the Justices.

HARRY L. CARRICO, Chief Justice.

This appeal presents a claim stemming from Baker v. Commonwealth, 28 Va.App. 306, 504 S.E.2d 394 (1998), aff'd per curiam, 258 Va. 1, 516 S.E.2d 219 (1999) (failure to give both parents notice of juvenile proceedings renders void juvenile's subsequent criminal conviction on transfer to circuit court). In this case, the record shows that Nathan Todd Southerly was born June 29, 1973. During the weeks leading up to his eighteenth birthday, he committed multiple criminal offenses in the City of Harrisonburg.

After Southerly reached the age of eighteen, Harrisonburg police filed a total of twenty-two petitions against him in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court of Rockingham County, alleging seven counts of grand larceny, fourteen counts of forging and uttering, and one count of breaking and entering. The petitions named Linda Riggleman as Southerly's mother.¹ However, spaces in the petition forms for the name of Southerly's father were left blank.

On January 7, 1992, the juvenile court certified the cases to the Circuit Court of Rockingham County. On January 21, 1992, a grand jury indicted Southerly for the offenses that had been transferred and for other offenses he committed after turning eighteen. He plead guilty or not innocent to the indictments, and in a final order entered August 14, 1992, the circuit court found him guilty and sentenced him to serve sixty-two years in the penitentiary, with thirty-one years suspended. No question was raised in any of the proceedings in juvenile or circuit court concerning the lack of notice to Southerly's father.

On July 9, 1999, Southerly filed a motion in the circuit court alleging that the court "lacked jurisdiction to try him as an adult because the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court did not comply with the mandatory notice requirements of Virginia Code §§ 16.1-263 and 16.1-264" in that the juvenile court "failed to provide service of process upon [Southerly's] biological father."² The motion requested the circuit court to "enter an order vacating the judgment order in these matters and remanding the matters to the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court to take further action if the Commonwealth be so advised."³

In a hearing on the motion, it was stipulated that Charles E. Cubbage, Sr., is Southerly's biological father, that the father was not notified of the petitions against his son, that, at all relevant times, the father was alive and residing in West Virginia, and that his address was known or reasonably discoverable. It was also stipulated that the juvenile court did not certify on the record that the father's identity was not reasonably ascertainable. See Code § 16.1-263(E) (no summons or notification required if judge certifies on record that identity of parent not reasonably ascertainable).

The circuit court denied Southerly's motion to vacate. Southerly appealed the denial to the Court of Appeals. In a published opinion, the Court of Appeals rejected the Commonwealth's argument that because "Southerly was eighteen years old and an adult when the charges against him were initiated,. . . [he] stood sui juris before the court and neither needed nor was entitled to the special protection afforded juveniles." Southerly v. Commonwealth, 33 Va.App. 650, 654-55, 536 S.E.2d 452, 454 (2000). Then, applying Baker, the court held that Southerly's convictions were void. Southerly, 33 Va.App. at 655, 536 S.E.2d at 454. We awarded the Commonwealth this appeal.

On appeal, the Commonwealth repeats its argument that notice to Southerly's father was unnecessary. However, the Commonwealth also raises a threshold question, viz., whether the Court of Appeals had jurisdiction to entertain Southerly's appeal from the trial court's denial of his motion to vacate. The Commonwealth argues that the Court of Appeals lacked jurisdiction because the proceedings conducted incident to Southerly's motion to vacate were civil in nature and, hence, the denial of the motion was appealable only to this Court. The Commonwealth cites Virginia Dept. of Corr. v. Crowley, 227 Va. 254, 316 S.E.2d 439 (1984). There, we held that motions to vacate orders releasing convicted felons from custody and appeals from the denial of the motions were civil in nature. Id. at 263, 316 S.E.2d at 443-44.⁴ We likened such motions and appeals to petitions for habeas corpus and appeals from orders granting habeas relief. Id. We observed that "`habeas corpus is a civil and not a criminal proceeding' and `in no sense a continuation of the criminal prosecution.'" Id. at 262, 316 S.E.2d at 443 (quoting Smyth v. Godwin, 188 Va. 753, 760, 51 S.E.2d 230, 233, cert. denied, 337 U.S. 946, 69 S.Ct. 1503, 93 L.Ed. 1748 (1949)).

Southerly did not respond on brief to the Commonwealth's argument concerning the Court of Appeals' jurisdiction to entertain Southerly's appeal. However, during oral argument, Southerly attempted to distinguish Crowley by saying it was "more of a straight habeas case, it's more of a case involving not the criminal proceedings but a person who is already in the Department of Corrections system and is bringing his action against the Department of Corrections." Southerly maintained that his motion to vacate "directly challenged the circuit court's power to render a final judgment of conviction in a criminal proceeding," and "that type of motion . . . is clearly within even the Court of Appeals' limited . . . statutory jurisdiction," a position "the Court of Appeals has subsequently adopted in the Asby v. Commonwealth case, [34 Va.App. 217, 539 S.E.2d 742 (2001)], . . . citing its decision in the Nicely v. Commonwealth case, [23 Va.App. 327, 477 S.E.2d 11 (1996)]."

In Asby, the Court of Appeals held that although a motion to vacate "a conviction may be civil in nature," it nonetheless had jurisdiction to entertain an appeal from the denial of such a motion because "the underlying charges . . . were criminal." 34 Va.App. at 221, 539 S.E.2d at 744. In Nicely, a circuit court held it had no jurisdiction to consider either an appeal from a seven-day administrative suspension of a driver's license under Code § 46.2-391.2 or a motion to dismiss the underlying driving while intoxicated charge. The Commonwealth challenged the Court of Appeals' jurisdiction to entertain an appeal from the circuit court's judgment. The Court of Appeals rejected the challenge, saying it had jurisdiction because "the underlying charge is criminal." 23 Va.App. at 329 n. 1, 477 S.E.2d at 12 n. 1. The Court of Appeals also said it was "[t]he rationale of Brame [v. Commonwealth, 252 Va. 122, 126, 476 S.E.2d 177, 179 (1996)], . . . that the underlying charge controls the appeal." 23 Va.App. at 329 n. 1, 477 S.E.2d at 12 n. 1.

However, we merely said in Brame that "[b]ecause a charge of unreasonably refusing to submit to a blood or breath test is not criminal but administrative and civil in nature, an appeal lies directly to this Court." 252 Va. at 126, 476 S.E.2d at 179. Naturally, if the underlying charge is civil in nature, the appeal is also civil in nature. This is not to say that if the underlying charge is criminal in nature, the appeal is...