Com. v. Troy

• Decision Date: 11 September 2003
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. Robin TROY, Appellant.
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

832 A.2d 1089

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. Robin TROY, Appellant.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

Submitted June 16, 2003.

Filed September 11, 2003.

Joel B. Johnston, Pittsburgh, for appellant.

Timothy F. McCune, Asst. Dist. Atty., Butler, for Com., appellee.

BEFORE: HUDOCK, BENDER and TAMILIA, JJ.

OPINION BY BENDER, J.:

¶ 1 Robin Troy appeals from the October 8, 2002 judgment of sentence entered against her for the summary offense of disorderly conduct, in which she was ordered to pay a $25.00 fine. We affirm.

¶ 2 A factual and procedural history follows. Appellant lives in the City of Pittsburgh in an apartment with her five children and elderly mother. Across the street is a building owned by Brian Striegel (Brian). Appellant first met Brian in August of 2000, after he first purchased the building. N.T. Hearing, 10/8/02, at 20. At that time, she informed Brian about problems she had been experiencing with his tenants involving drug dealing and use, prostitution, and wild parties, all of which the previous landlord failed to address. Id. Brian gave Appellant his business card and assured her that he was not like the previous landlord and that she should not worry. Id. Appellant stated that she felt hopeful after she met Brian because she thought he would be different from the previous landlord. Id.

¶ 3 Unfortunately, after Brian purchased the building, the problems worsened. Id. One tenant in Brian's building repeatedly put her trash out on the curb several days in advance of the scheduled garbage pick-up, in violation of a City of Pittsburgh ordinance. Id. at 21. As a result, stray animals would rip the garbage apart and it would become strewn all over the street. Id. Appellant tried to resolve this problem with the offending tenant to no avail. Id. at 22. Appellant wrote numerous letters to Brian and called him on the phone twice to inform him of the problem and to request that he speak to his tenants about the appropriate time to place garbage out for pick up. Id. Appellant claimed that Brian always responded that he was doing the best he could and that if Appellant had a problem, she should call the police. Id. at 24. Eventually, Brian stopped taking Appellant's calls. Id. Appellant indicated that the police would not address the garbage problem, so she reported it to the health department. Id. Ultimately, Brian was cited in housing court and, although Appellant attended the housing court hearing to testify against him, Brian failed to appear and was fined. Id. at 25.

¶ 4 At some point in December of 2001, Appellant returned home and found garbage strewn about the street. Id. Appellant's mother was planning to go outside to pick it up, as she and Appellant had done on numerous occasions. Id. Appellant said, "yes, we are going to pick it up; but I've had it. We're done." Id. at 26. Appellant complained that for months she "did all the things [she] was supposed to do[,]" like call the health department, and she "got nowhere." Id. Appellant explained that she "just lost it" and concluded that she could not make Brian understand or do anything about the ongoing problems with his tenants. Id. Accordingly, Appellant collected some of the garbage, packaged it, and mailed it to Brian and Connie Striegel, Brian's wife (Connie), at their private residence in Cranberry Township, Butler County. Id.

¶ 5 On December 21, 2001, Connie returned home from the grocery store and discovered a wet, leaky package on her front porch. Id. at 4. The package was wrapped in children's Christmas wrapping paper and had a return address of "Santa" written on it. Id. Connie and Brian's college-age daughter, Erica Long (Erica), greeted her mother and indicated to her that their mail carrier had just delivered "this gross, stinky package and it's on the front porch." Id. at 4-5, 10. The mail carrier had indicated to Erica that the package smelled like oranges, but when Erica put her nose up to it and smelled it, she thought it smelled like garbage and ammonia. Id. at 10. Erica left the package outside because she did not know what it was. Id.

¶ 6 Despite her daughter's request that they not open it, Connie brought the package into the kitchen and, as she opened it, it "literally fell apart" and the contents fell onto the floor. Id. at 5. The contents consisted of a used sanitary napkin, hairballs, rotten oranges, banana peels, and other "typical garbage" that Erica described as "wet, old garbage." Id. at 5, 10. Connie saw a letter, signed by Appellant, in the package. Id. at 6. The letter, wet and stained, read as follows:

Brian, Your tenants are putting out their trash four days early. The evidence is in the box. Your tenant B.J. Sharp has some trash in this box. The next time I will not mail this; I will bring it. I will also knock on all of your neighbors' doors and tell them exactly what kind of people you and your wife are. My children deserve a clean, safe place to live. I will not allow you to stand in my way. The mother animal is a dangerous animal. I will take any and all legal means to stop you. Corral your tenants. Also everyone that you show your property to is being checked out. You might want to warn them of that. We will not tolerate any more drug dealing, prostitution or garbage from your building.

Id. at 6.

¶ 7 Approximately four or five days after she mailed the package, Appellant received a phone call from a Cranberry Township police officer who asked her if she had sent the package. Id. at 26. Appellant admitted to the police officer that she did send the package and the letter to Brian explaining why she did it. Id. Likewise, Appellant admitted at the hearing that she sent the package and explained her reasons for doing so. Id. at 21.

¶ 8 On March 19, 2002, a district justice in Butler County found Appellant guilty of a summary offense of disorderly conduct. Appellant appealed the district justice's decision and, on October 8, 2002, the Honorable John H. Brydon, in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County, conducted a hearing and heard testimony from Appellant, Connie, and Erica. At the conclusion of the hearing, Judge Brydon upheld the decision of the district justice and found Appellant guilty of the summary offense of disorderly conduct under 18 Pa. C.S. § 5503(a)(4). However, Judge Brydon, noting his understanding of Appellant's predicament, desire to live in a clean neighborhood, and desire to protect her children, decreased the fine imposed by the district justice from $300.00 to $25.00. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal to this Court on November 7, 2002.

¶ 9 Appellant raises two issues in this appeal, both of which relate to the sufficiency of the evidence necessary to sustain her conviction for disorderly conduct. The applicable standard of review is as follows:

The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Bullick, 2003 PA Super 285, 8, 830 A.2d 998, 1000 (2003) (quoting Commonwealth v. Gooding, 818 A.2d 546, 549 (Pa.Super.2003)).

¶ 10 Appellant was convicted of a summary offense under 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(4) of the disorderly conduct statute, which reads in pertinent part as follows:

§ 5503. Disorderly conduct

(a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:

* * * *

(4) creates a hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act which serves no legitimate purpose of the actor.

* * * *

(c) Definition.—As used in this section the word "public" means affecting or likely to affect persons in a place to which the public or a substantial group has access; among the places included are highways, transport facilities, schools, prisons, apartment houses, places of business or amusement, any neighborhood, or any premises which are open to the public.

18 Pa.C.S. § 5503.

¶ 11 Overall, we conclude that the evidence was sufficient to establish that Appellant recklessly created a risk of public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm by sending a package of wet, leaky garbage through the mail, which created a hazardous or physically offensive condition likely to affect persons in a place, namely the United States Post Office, to which the public or a substantial group has access. We shall proceed to examine each issue Appellant raises separately.

¶ 12 In her first issue, Appellant contends the evidence was insufficient to establish that her conduct was "public" in nature so as to be within the purview of section 5503. Appellant argues that the package was sent to a private residence, the contents of the package were not discernible until the recipient opened it, and there was no evidence that the contents of the package had an affect on anyone other than the intended recipients.

¶ 13 Section 5503...