Com. v. Wilmington
Citation | 729 A.2d 1160 |
Parties | COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. Marcus A. WILMINGTON, Appellant. |
Decision Date | 31 March 1999 |
Court | Superior Court of Pennsylvania |
Robert M. Rosenblum, Stroudsburg, for appellant.
E. David Christine, Jr., Asst. Dist. Atty., East Stroudsburg, for Com., appellee.
Before McEWEN, President Judge, and CAVANAUGH, DEL SOLE, KELLY, EAKIN, JOYCE, STEVENS, SCHILLER, and LALLY-GREEN, JJ.
s 1 This Court granted the petition for reargument filed by the Commonwealth in this case to consider whether the Pennsylvania Constitution prohibits the random stopping of a Greyhound bus at a toll plaza on a rural interstate to permit police officers to conduct a "drug interdiction investigation" in the absence of reasonable suspicion or probable cause to believe that an individual on the bus is transporting narcotics.
Commonwealth v. Rodriquez, 532 Pa. 62, 73, 614 A.2d 1378, 1383 (1992).
appeal denied, 533 Pa. 598, 617 A.2d 1273 (1992).
s 4 The trial court, when deciding a motion to suppress, is required to conduct a hearing and make findings of fact and conclusions of law determining whether evidence was obtained in violation of a defendant's rights. Commonwealth v. Graham, 554 Pa. 472, 475-477, 721 A.2d 1075, 1077 (1998); Commonwealth v. DeWitt, 530 Pa. 299, 302, 608 A.2d 1030, 1031 (1992); Pa.R.Crim.P. 323. While this Court in general, "[i]n reviewing a suppression court's ruling [is] bound by those factual findings of the suppression court which are supported by the record", Commonwealth v. Sierra, supra at ___, 723 A.2d at 645 (Opinion in Support of Affirmance) 1, since the trial court in the instant case based its findings solely upon its review of the notes of testimony from the preliminary hearing conducted on December 26, 1996, before District Justice Eyer, "this Court is equally competent to form an opinion as to the facts from the evidence appearing in the record." Commonwealth v. Jones, 457 Pa. 423, 431, 322 A.2d 119, 124 (1974), citing Stanko v. Males, 390 Pa. 281, 135 A.2d 392 (1957); Poelcher v. Poelcher, 366 Pa. 3, 76 A.2d 222 (1950). Accord: Butler County v. Brocker, 455 Pa. 343, 349 n. 8, 314 A.2d 265, 269 n. 8 (1974)
.
s 5 On December 11, 1996, Agent Ronald Paret of the Bureau of Narcotic Investigations of the Office of the Attorney General and Monroe County Detective Kirk Schwartz were standing at the toll booths located at the Delaware Water Gap Toll Plaza on Interstate 80 in Monroe County, for the purpose of randomly stopping commercial buses proceeding through the toll plaza as part of a "drug interdiction operation".
s 6 Appellant was a passenger on a Greyhound bus which had left New York City and was en route to Cleveland, Ohio, when Detective Schwartz, as the bus stopped to pay the toll, asked the driver of the bus, Mr. Prather, if he and Agent Paret could board the bus and conduct an investigation. The driver agreed and was directed to pull the bus over onto the apron past the toll booths. The agents obtained and examined the tickets which had been collected by Mr. Prather, who testified at trial that:
Agent Paret testified at trial that (N.T. 47)(emphasis supplied).
s 7 Rule 323(h) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure places the burden of production as well as the burden of persuasion on the Commonwealth. Commonwealth v. Hamilton, 543 Pa. 612, 614, 673 A.2d 915, 916 (1996); Commonwealth ex rel. Butler v. Rundle, 429 Pa. 141, 144, 239 A.2d 426, 428 (1968). The only evidence concerning the seizure of the bus offered by the Commonwealth was the following portion of the December 26, 1996, preliminary hearing testimony provided by Agent Paret, the sole witness presented at that hearing:
s 8 The trial court, based solely upon its review of the foregoing transcript from the preliminary hearing, then made the following findings of fact:
4. Agent Paret asked the defendant if he had any luggage, and the defendant pointed to a white plastic bag on the floor. Agent Paret asked him if he could look at it. The defendant consented. In it were a new pair of blue, white and silver Asics sneakers, size nine.
s 9 The trial court then concluded, based upon what we view as a misreading of Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429, 111 S.Ct. 2382, 115 L.Ed.2d 389 (1991), that:
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