Commitment of G.G., Matter of

• Decision Date: 28 April 1994
• Parties: In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF G.G., Appellant. In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF T.H., Appellant. In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF J.F., Appellant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 597

272 N.J.Super. 597

640 A.2d 1156

In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF G.G., Appellant.

In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF T.H., Appellant.

In the Matter of the COMMITMENT OF J.F., Appellant.

Superior Court of New Jersey,

Appellate Division.

Argued March 8, 1994.

Decided April 28, 1994.

Lorraine M. Gormley, Deputy Public Advocate, Div. of Mental Health Advocacy, argued the cause for appellants (Susan L. Reisner, Acting Public Advocate, attorney; Ms. Gormley, of counsel and on the briefs).

Daisy B. Barreto, Deputy Atty. Gen., argued the cause for respondent-intervenor Atty. Gen. of New Jersey (Deborah T. Poritz, Atty. Gen., attorney; Ms. Barreto, on the briefs).

Before Judges BRODY, STERN and KEEFE.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

BRODY, P.J.A.D.

This consolidated appeal requires us to review orders conditionally extending the involuntary civil commitment at Trenton Psychiatric Hospital of the three appellants, "otherwise entitled to discharge," due to the alleged "unavailability of an appropriate placement." R. 4:74-7(h)(2). At the time the orders were entered, each appellant had permanent living arrangements outside the hospital, either in rented quarters or with family, but the hospital treatment team had not yet completed a discharge plan with a community mental health agency for follow-up care as required by N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.18. We hold that the hospital treatment team's failure to arrange for follow-up care before a commitment hearing does not present the "unavailability of an appropriate placement" contemplated under R. 4:74-7(h)(2). ¹

Appellants were involuntarily committed without a hearing pursuant to provisions of the civil commitment act. N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.1 to -27.23. In its declaration of purpose, the act recognizes the constitutional importance of terminating such a commitment as soon as a committee no longer poses a threat of danger:

Because involuntary commitment entails certain deprivations of liberty, it is necessary that State law balance the basic value of liberty with the need for safety and treatment, a balance that is difficult to effect because of the limited ability to predict behavior; and, therefore, it is necessary that State law provide clear standards and procedural safeguards that ensure that only those persons who are dangerous to themselves, to others or to property, are involuntarily committed.

[ N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.1b.]

Based on the contents of screening and clinical certificates, the court initially found in each case that there was "probable cause to believe that the person is in need of involuntary commitment" and issued a temporary order authorizing admission to the hospital "pending a final hearing," pursuant to N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.10. The "final hearing," at which the court must determine whether there is a "continuing need for involuntary commitment," must be scheduled within 20 days from initial inpatient admission unless the committee has been administratively discharged earlier. N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.12. The orders under review were entered at final hearings.

An involuntary committee need not wait for the final hearing to be discharged. The hospital may administratively discharge the patient if its "treatment team determines that the patient no longer needs involuntary commitment." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.17.

Under N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.11, the so-called patients' bill of rights, a committee is entitled to certain rights during confinement. Among them is the right "[t]o have a discharge plan prepared for him and to participate in the preparation of that plan." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.11eb(9). Where the patient is an involuntary committee, a community mental health agency "shall participate in the formulation of the plan" and "shall provide follow-up care[.]" N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.18.

N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.15 limits the court to one of three dispositions at the final hearing:

a. If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the patient needs continued involuntary commitment, it shall issue an order authorizing the involuntary commitment of the patient and shall schedule a subsequent court hearing in the event the patient is not administratively discharged pursuant to section 17 of this act prior thereto.

b. If the court finds that the patient does not need continued involuntary commitment, the court shall so order and the facility shall discharge the patient within 48 hours of the court's verbal order or by the end of the next working day, whichever is longer, with a discharge plan prepared pursuant to section 18 of this act.

c. If the court finds that the patient's history indicates a high risk of rehospitalization because of the patient's failure to comply with discharge plans, the court may discharge the patient subject to conditions recommended by the facility and mental health agency staff and developed with the participation of the patient. Conditions imposed on the patient shall be specific and their duration shall not exceed 90 days.

The designated mental health agency staff person shall notify the court if the patient fails to meet the conditions of the discharge plan. The court shall determine, in conjunction with the findings of a screening service, if the patient needs to be rehospitalized and, if so, the patient shall be returned to the facility. The court shall hold a hearing within 20 days of the day the patient was returned to the facility to determine if the order of conditional discharge should be vacated.

There was no evidence at these final hearings that appellants then met the "dangerousness" criteria for continued involuntary commitment. Nevertheless, the court did not order their discharge because it found that the follow-up care portion of their discharge plans had not been completed. The evidence in each case respecting the progress in arranging follow-up care was hearsay, uncertain and sometimes conflicting. The hospital made no real effort to present specific evidence on the point. The court nevertheless withheld discharge orders, with or without conditions, because of its concern, not reduced to findings of fact, that though appellants had a place to live they could not get along outside the hospital until arrangements were in place for follow-up care.

In each case the hospital had more than the 20-day maximum statutory period before final hearing to develop the discharge plan. G.G. had been confined 27 days, T.H. had been confined 24 days, and J.F. had been confined 40 days. Although initially there was evidence that each appellant probably needed involuntary commitment, there has never been a finding by clear and convincing evidence that they pose a danger to self, others or property. Thus, in keeping with the patients' bill of rights, the hospital should have used the weeks of confinement to prepare discharge plans, including follow-up care, before the final hearings.

The hospital presented no evidence, competent or otherwise, as to what, if anything, specifically had been done to develop appellants' plans and no evidence as to what, if anything, remained to be done or how long it would take to do it. The Legislature anticipating that a discharge plan might not be completed when a patient no longer needs to be confined, limited the court's authority to extend confinement for that reason. In the case of an administrative determination that the patient be discharged, N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.17 provides, "If a discharge plan has not been developed pursuant to section 18 of this act,...