Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar v. Moore, 19724

• Decision Date: 31 October 1991
• Docket Number: No. 19724,19724
• Citation: 411 S.E.2d 452,186 W.Va. 127
• Court: West Virginia Supreme Court
• Parties: The COMMITTEE ON LEGAL ETHICS OF the WEST VIRGINIA STATE BAR, Petitioner v. Arch A. MOORE, Jr., an active member of the West Virginia State Bar, Respondent.

Page 452

411 S.E.2d 452

186 W.Va. 127

The COMMITTEE ON LEGAL ETHICS OF the WEST VIRGINIA STATE BAR, Petitioner v. Arch A. MOORE, Jr., an active member of the West Virginia State Bar, Respondent.

No. 19724.

Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia.

Submitted July 2, 1991.

Decided Oct. 31, 1991.

Syllabus by the Court

1. " ' "In a court proceeding initiated by the Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar to annul the license of an attorney to practice law, the burden is on the Committee to prove, by full, preponderating and clear evidence, the charges contained in the Committee's complaint." Syl. Pt. 1, Committee on Legal Ethics v. Pence, 216 S.E.2d 236 (W.Va.1975).' Syllabus Point 1, Committee on Legal Ethics v. Walker, 178 W.Va. 150, 358 S.E.2d 234 (1987)." Syl. pt. 1, Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar v. Six, 181 W.Va. 52, 380 S.E.2d 219 (1989).

2. "Where there has been a final criminal conviction, proof on the record of such conviction satisfies the Committee on Legal Ethics' burden of proving an ethical violation arising from such conviction." Syl. pt. 2, Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar v. Six, 181 W.Va. 52, 380 S.E.2d 219 (1989).

3. "A license to practice law is a valuable right, such that its withdrawal must be accompanied by appropriate due process procedures. Where annulment of an attorney's license is sought based on a felony conviction under Article VI, Section 23 of the Constitution, By-Laws, and Rules and Regulations of the West Virginia State Bar, due process requires the attorney be given the right to request an evidentiary hearing. The purpose of such a hearing is not to attack the conviction collaterally, but to introduce mitigating factors which may bear on the disciplinary punishment to be imposed." Syllabus point 2, Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar v. Boettner, 183 W.Va. 186, 394 S.E.2d 735 (1990).

4. "The cases in which a mitigation hearing will be appropriate are the exception rather than the rule. Whether a mitigation hearing is appropriate in a particular instance will depend upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the nature of the attorney's misconduct, surrounding facts and circumstances, previous ethical violations, the wilfulness of the conduct, and the adequacy of the attorney's previous opportunity to present evidence sufficient for a determination of appropriate sanctions." Syl. pt. 3, Committee on Legal Ethics v. Folio, 184 W.Va. 503, 401 S.E.2d 248 (1990).

5. Mitigation hearings are inappropriate when the circumstances involve a lawyer who wilfully violates the public trust by extortion or the obstruction of justice.

Sherri D. Goodman, Charleston, for complainant.

Stephen V. Wehner, Santarelli, Smith & Carroccio, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

BROTHERTON, Justice:

This case involves an action by the Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar against the respondent, Arch A. Moore, Jr., former Governor of the State of West Virginia. On May 8, 1990, the respondent pled guilty in the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia to one count of mail fraud (18 U.S.C. § 1341), one count of a Hobbs Act violation (18 U.S.C. § 1951), two counts of filing a false income tax return (26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)), and one count of obstruction of justice (18 U.S.C. § 1503).

Shortly thereafter, however, the respondent attempted to withdraw his guilty plea, claiming that he pled guilty upon erroneous advice from his trial counsel regarding sentencing, parole eligibility, and the consequences of pleading guilty. The respondent claims that if he had been properly advised of those consequences, he would not have pled guilty. The district court denied the respondent's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. The respondent then filed an appeal with the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. On April 23, 1991, the Fourth Circuit issued a written opinion which denied the respondent's appeal and refused to find the respondent had met the requirements for withdrawing his guilty plea. The Fourth Circuit subsequently denied the respondent's petition for a rehearing. In the meantime, the Committee on Legal Ethics suspended the respondent's license to practice law. However, the action to disbar him from the practice of law in West Virginia was suspended, pending completion of the appeal process.

On July 2, 1991, the respondent came before this Court requesting a stay in the disciplinary proceedings against him. In his brief, the respondent stated that within two weeks following that argument, he would file a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court, in which he would contend that the Fourth Circuit erred in finding that the respondent had not met the requirements for withdrawing his plea. The respondent also claimed that he would file a habeas corpus petition in the district court under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 and argue that he received gross ineffective assistance of counsel and that his guilty plea was based upon this erroneous advice. This Court agreed to postpone any action until all appeals had been exhausted.

On October 7, 1991, the United States Supreme Court refused certiorari on the respondent's appeal. Thus, the issue of the annulment of the respondent's law license is now properly before this Court. ¹ The Committee on Legal Ethics requests that the respondent's law license be annulled and contends that a mitigation hearing is inappropriate in this case. For the reason stated below, we agree.

The West Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 8.4(b)-(d) (1990) provides, in part, that:

It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to:

* * * * * *

(b) commit a criminal act that reflects adversely on the lawyer's honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer in other respects;

(c) engage in conduct involving dishonest[y], fraud, deceit or misrepresentation;

(d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice;

* * * * * *

In this case, the respondent violated the three provisions of Rule 8.4 listed above.

The burden of proving the charge contained in the Committee's complaint is upon the Committee. " ' "In a court proceeding initiated by the Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar to annul the license of an attorney to practice law, the burden is on the Committee to prove, by full, preponderating and clear evidence, the charges contained in the Committee's complaint." Syl. Pt. 1, Committee on Legal Ethics v. Pence, 216 S.E.2d 236 (W.Va.1975).' Syllabus Point 1, Committee on Legal Ethics v. Walker, 178 W.Va. 150, 358 S.E.2d 234 (1987)." Syl. pt. 1, Committee on Legal Ethics of the West Virginia State Bar v. Six, 181 W.Va. 52, 380 S.E.2d 219 (1989). That proof, however, is satisfied when there is a final criminal conviction. "Where there has been a final criminal conviction, proof on the record of such conviction satisfies the Committee on Legal Ethics' burden of proving an ethical violation arising from such conviction." Id. at syl. pt. 2.

In this case, the respondent's guilty plea to the three felony criminal charges set out above was made a part of the record. The respondent's appeal to the United States Supreme Court from the conviction on his guilty plea before the United States District Court was refused....