Commonwealth v. Sumrak

• Decision Date: 15 April 1942
• Docket Number: 149-1942
• Citation: 25 A.2d 605,148 Pa.Super. 412
• Parties: Commonwealth v. Sumrak, Appellant
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

25 A.2d 605

148 Pa.Super. 412

Commonwealth v. Sumrak, Appellant

No. 149-1942

Superior Court of Pennsylvania

April 15, 1942

Argued October 6, 1941

Appeal fro judgment of Q. S. Allegheny Co., Dec. Sessions, 1940, No 365, in case of Commonwealth v. Mark Sumrak.

Indictment for perjury. Before Graff, P. J., specially presiding.

The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.

Verdict of guilty and judgment and sentence thereon. Defendant appealed.

Error assigned, among others, was the action of the court below in overruling defendant's demurrer.

Judgment affirmed.

William S. Burleigh, for appellant.

Russell H. Adams, Assistant District Attorney, with him Andrew T Park, District Attorney, for appellee.

Before Keller, P. J., Cunningham, Baldrige, Stadtfeld, Rhodes, Hirt and Kenworthey, JJ.

OPINION

Kenworthey, J.

Mark Sumrak has appealed from a conviction of perjury under the Penal Code. ^[1] The indictment alleged that on June 2, 1940, while testifying under oath before a Grand Jury, he swore falsely that he did not know what he was signing when he signed a Communist Party petition. To support the conviction, the Commonwealth proved: (1) That when he subsequently testified at the trial in Commonwealth v. Antico et al., 146 Pa.Super. 293, 22 A.2d 204, he testified under oath that he did know what he was signing when he signed the petition; ^[2] and (2) that the petition he signed clearly indicated on its face that it was a Communist Party Nomination Petition, from which the Commonwealth argues the inference may be drawn that he knew what it was. The question is whether this evidence is sufficient to sustain the conviction.

The general rule is that to sustain a conviction of perjury the Commonwealth must offer either two witnesses to the falsity of the matter on which the perjury is assigned or one witness and corroboration. Commonwealth v. Bradley, 109 Pa.Super. 294, 296, 167 A. 471, and cases cited. In discussing the rule as applied to a case where, as here, defendant is shown to have made two conflicting statements under oath, Professor Wigmore says: ^[3] "It seems clear that the rule here suffers an exception, and that by mere comparison the jury may determine the falsity. The purpose of the rule is to protect the accused from the false testimony of a single witness swearing against him; here no attempt is made to condemn him upon the credit of another person; the rule's protection is not needed; and the rule should fall with its reason." We said (Trexler, P. J.) in Commonwealth v. Bradley, 109 Pa.Super. 294, 297, 167 A. 471: "When such [conflicting] statements are made under oath, there is no doubt that the person making them has committed perjury, but the difficulty is as to which of the two statements is the false one. 'A different question would be presented were it permissible to charge perjury in the alternative without being required to elect as between the two contradictory statements ....'" In that case, defendant testified before an alderman that he had purchased intoxicating liquor from one Alexander, who was charged with the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor. He subsequently made an affidavit to the effect that he had not made such purchase. Alexander testified that the statement before the alderman was false and this court held that his testimony, together with the conflicting statement under oath, was sufficient to sustain the conviction.

If the person who circulated the petition and procured defendant's signature to it had testified that he had definitely told him what the petition was, this case would be on all fours with the Bradley Case. But if we adopt the premise that there is no doubt that a person making conflicting statements under oath has committed perjury, and accept Professor Wigmore's suggestion that the "two witness" rule has no application, the problem is freed from any entanglement with it and becomes the simple one of determining whether there is some competent evidence from which the jury might find that the perjury was committed on the occasion charged in the indictment -- July 2, 1940, when defendant testified before the Grand Jury, and not at the subsequent trial. And we agree with the lower court that the evidence was supplied by proof of the circumstances under which the petition was signed. Even though in a criminal case there may be no presumption, when a man who is an adult, who is apparently possessed of all his faculties and who is apparently able to read and write, signs a paper clearly indicating on its face what it is, the jury may properly infer that he knew what he was signing. People v. Dunbar Contracting Co., 215 N.Y. 416, 109 N.E. 554; Bettman v. United States, 224 F. 819, 828, cert. denied, 239 U.S. 642, 60 L.Ed. 482, 36 S.Ct. 163.

Appellant points out that in the Bradley Case defendant's affidavit was treated as corroboration of the testimony of the witness Alexander and not itself the evidence to be corroborated. But we have indicated what we consider to have been the true basis of the decision. The point is, we repeat, that the commission of perjury is proven by the...