Commonwealth v. Taylor

• Decision Date: 16 November 1960
• Citation: 165 A.2d 134,193 Pa.Super. 386
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Andrew Joseph TAYLOR, Appellant.
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

165 A.2d 134

193 Pa.Super. 386

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Andrew Joseph TAYLOR, Appellant.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

November 16, 1960.

[Copyrighted Material Omitted]

Andrew Joseph Taylor, in pro. per.

Charles L. Durham, Domenick Vitullo, Asst. Dist. Attys., Paul M Chalfin, First Asst. Dist. Atty., Victor H. Blanc, Dist Atty., Philadelphia, for appellee.

Before RHODES, P. J., and GUNTHER, WRIGHT, WOODSIDE, ERVIN, WATKINS and MONTGOMERY, JJ.

WRIGHT, Judge.

Andrew Joseph Taylor was indicted at the April 1957 Sessions of the Court of Oyer and Terminer and Quarter Sessions of the County of Philadelphia on four bills of indictment. Bill No. 1562 charged assault on Joseph DiCicco with intent to rob. Bill No. 1563 charged that Taylor conspired with Robert H. Waters and Howard C. Johnson to commit robbery. Bill No. 1564 charged aggravated assault and battery upon Carmella DiCicco and assault with intent to murder. Bill No. 1565 charged aggravated assault and battery upon Joseph DiCicco, and assault with intent to murder. The trial took place on December 17, 1959 before the Honorable William I. Troutman, specially presiding. Taylor was represented by an assistant defender of the Philadelphia Voluntary Defender Association. Taylor and his counsel waived a jury trial. After hearing the testimony, the trial judge found Taylor guilty on Bills Nos. 1562 and 1565, guilty on Bill No. 1564 as to the count of aggravated assault and battery only, and not guilty on Bill No. 1563. Sentences were imposed as follows: On Bill No. 1564, sentence was suspended; on Bill No. 1562 Taylor was sentenced to serve a term of eight to sixteen years in the State Correctional Institution at Philadelphia; on Bill No. 1565 Taylor was sentenced to serve a term of three and one-half to seven years in the same institution, this sentence to be consecutive to that on Bill No. 1562. Taylor has filed one appeal from the Judgments on Bills Nos. 1562, 1564, and 1565 ^[1] .

The record discloses that about 8:30 A.M. on January 25, 1957, appellant, accompanied by Waters and Johnson, entered the business establishment of Joseph DiCicco at 1226 South 21st Street, Philadelphia. Appellant was armed with a revolver and announced: 'This is a stick up'. DiCicco reached for a gun, whereupon appellant shot DiCicco in the wrist and left shoulder. He also shot DiCicco's wife, Carmella, in both legs. Appellant was identified at the trial by Joseph DiCicco, Samuel L. Horsley, who was a customer in the DiCicco establishment, and Howard C. Johnson, one of appellant's accomplices. Appellant's defense was a complete denial, based on his uncorroborated assertion that, at the time of the robbery, he was in Richmond, Virginia.

Appellant's statement of the questions involved on this appeal is as follows: '1. That the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania did not have jurisdiction over the subject; having illegally returned him from the State of New Jersey. 2. That the lower court was in error in imposing three (3) separate sentences, on three (3) counts, arising out of one (1) transaction. 3. That the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. 4. That the court below abused its discretion by not ordering trial by jury. 5. That it was error for the trial judge, to order trial, without affording court appointed counsel any time to prepare for the defense. 6. That the defendant was denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial'.

The Commonwealth takes the position that this appeal should be dismissed because there were no post-conviction motions for a new trial or in arrest of judgment. The record discloses that the trial judge expressly inquired of appellant's counsel whether he desired to file a motion for a new trial, and appellant's counsel replied that he did not. Matters not properly raised in the court below may not be invoked on appeal, and it is our intention that this rule should be enforced. Commonwealth v. Mays, 182 Pa.Super. 130, 126 A.2d 530. See also Commonwealth v. Pittman, 179 Pa.Super. 645, 118 A.2d 214; Commonwealth v. Salkey, 188 Pa.Super. 388, 147 A.2d 425; Commonwealth v. DeMarco, 193 Pa.Super. 16, 163 A.2d 700. We therefore propose to dismiss this appeal. However, since appellant is in prison and is not now represented by counsel ^[2] , we will consider and answer his several complaints.

(1) Appellant first contends 'that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by its arbitrary methods in transporting appellant to and from its jurisdictional boundaries on several occasions, lost its jurisdiction'. Passing the assertion in the Commonwealth's brief that appellant waived extradition, a prisoner who is regularly indicted and tried under the laws of the state where the crime was committed is not deprived of due process by the manner in which he is brought from another jurisdiction. Commonwealth ex rel. Master v. Baldi, 166 Pa.Super. 413, 72 A.2d 150. And see Commonwealth ex rel. DiDio v. Baldi, 176 Pa.Super. 119, 106 A.2d 910.

(2) Appellant's second, and most extensively argued, contention is 'that the Court imposed three separate sentences on three counts involving the one crime * * * arising out of the one transaction'. The test of whether one criminal offense has merged in another is not whether the two criminal acts are successive steps in the same transaction, but whether one crime necessarily involves the other. Commonwealth ex rel. Green v. Keenan, 176 Pa.Super. 103, 106 A.2d 896. And see Commonwealth v. Williams, 187 Pa.Super. 295, 144 A.2d 634; Commonwealth ex rel. Hnat v. Ashe, 165 Pa.Super. 25, 67 A.2d 769. Appellant cites Commonwealth ex rel. Wendell v. Smith, 123 Pa.Super. 113, 186 A. 810, in which we felt obliged to follow the dictum in Commonwealth v. Birdsall, 69 Pa. 482, to the effect that counts of burglary and larceny could not be punished as separate offenses. However, this dictum was subsequently disapproved in Commonwealth ex rel. Moszczynski v. Ashe, 343 Pa. 102, 21 A.2d 920, which overruled the Wendell case. Commonwealth ex rel. Comer v. Claudy, 174 Pa.Super. 494, 102 A.2d 227. And see Commonwealth ex rel. Kuklich v. Baldi, 150 Pa.Super. 390, 28 A.2d 496. Appellant also cites Commonwealth ex rel. Ciampoli v. Heston, 292 Pa. 501, 141 A. 287, and Stevens v. McClaughry, 8 Cir., 207 F. 18, 51 L.R.A.,N.S., 390 which are not controlling. In the Ciampoli case an indictment contained two counts charging possession and sale of drugs. In the Stevens case, an indictment contained two counts charging larceny of a mail pouch, and larceny of the letters therein and embezzlement of their contents. In the instant case, there were three indictments for three separate and distinct offenses.

The offense charged in Bill No. 1562 is proscribed by Section 705 of The Penal Code ^[3] . It was complete when appellant, being armed with a revolver, entered the DiCicco establishment and announced the hold-up. The offense charged in Bill No. 1565 is proscribed by Section 710 of The Penal Code (18 P.S. § 4710) and occurred when appellant thereafter shot DiCicco. So far as Bill No. 1564 is concerned, the shooting of Mrs. DiCicco was clearly a separate offense. Commonwealth ex rel. Kitzinger v. Claudy, 173 Pa.Super. 453, 98 A.2d 457. See also Commonwealth ex rel. Yeschenko v. Keenan, 179 Pa.Super. 145, 115 A.2d 386. In Commonwealth ex rel. Sawchak v. Ashe, 169 Pa.Super. 529, 83 A.2d 497, we held that a charge of assault with intent to murder did not merge with a charge of attempted robbery. In Commonwealth ex rel. Moszczynski v. Ashe, supra, 343 Pa. 102, 21 A.2d 920, 923, our Supreme Court held that there was no merger of the charges of breaking and entering with intent to commit a felony, bank robbery and larceny, and felonious attempt to kill. In that case, Mr. Justice (later Chief Justice) Maxey made the following pertinent statement:

'When a statute defines certain distinct acts as crimes, the actor cannot justly complain if he is prosecuted and punished for all of them unless one of the crimes was a necessary part of the other. This relator committed in quick succession three distinct crimes not one of which was necessarily involved in any of the others. They invited and now justify the plurality of sentences imposed'.

(3) Appellant further contends that the evidence of identification was 'vague and indefinite'. Where a defendant in a criminal prosecution agrees to be tried by a judge without a jury, the findings of the judge are as binding upon the appellate court as the verdict of a jury, if supported by competent evidence. Commonwealth v. Lick, 146 Pa.Super. 435, 22 A.2d 616. The credibility of the witnesses is for the trial judge and, if the evidence is sufficient to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, his finding may not be disturbed. Commonwealth v. Salkey, supra, 188 Pa.Super. 388 147 A.2d 425. We have made a careful examination of this original record, and find that the...