Commonwealth v. Tolbert

• Decision Date: 19 January 1973
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. James Corey TOLBERT, Appellant, (two cases).
• Court: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

299 A.2d 252

450 Pa. 149

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee, v. James Corey TOLBERT, Appellant, (two cases).

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

January 19, 1973.

Michael F. Smith, Michael J. Stack, Jr., Christian T Mattie, III, Philadelphia, Pa., for appellant.

Arlen Specter, Dist. Atty., Richard A. Sprague, First Asst. Dist Atty., James D. Crawford, Deputy Dist. Atty., Milton M Stein, Asst. Dist. Atty., Chief, Appeals Div., Maxine Stotland, Martin H. Belsky, Asst. Dist. Atty., Philadelphia for appellee.

Before JONES, C.J., and EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX and MANDERINO, JJ.

OPINION OF THE COURT

O'BRIEN Justice.

In June of 1953, appellant, James Corey Tolbert, then sixteen years of age, pleaded guilty to murder generally. A three-judge court found him guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment. No appeal was taken.

In 1967, appellant filed a petition under the Post Conviction Hearing Act, alleging, inter alia, that his guilty plea was induced by his involuntary written confession, that he did not understand the significance and consequence of his guilty plea, and that he was not informed of his right to appeal. In an order and opinion dated November 2, 1967, he was granted the right to appeal, nunc pro tunc, but denied all other relief, the court finding that both appellant's confession and his plea were voluntary. Appellant appealed from the order denying his post-conviction petition, with a brief prepared by court-appointed counsel, in an appeal at No. 186 January Term, 1968, On December 16, 1970, appellant petitioned for the appointment of new counsel. New counsel was appointed to represent appellant and he filed post-trial motions, nunc pro tunc, in appellant's behalf.

These motions were denied on February 29, 1972. Appellant appealed from this denial in his appeal at No. 279 January Term, 1972. Appellant's sentence was commuted by the Governor in January of 1972, and he is now on lifetime parole. The two appeals, which raise substantially the same issues, have been consolidated and we shall treat them together.

A guilty plea, of course, waives all nonjurisdictional defects, and an appeal is limited to the determination of the voluntariness of the plea and the legality of the sentence imposed. ^[*] In those situations where it is asserted that a guilty plea was involuntary because it was induced by the existence of a confession which was involuntary or otherwise inadmissible, the appellant must show that the guilty plea was primarily motivated by the existence of the confession and that he was incompetently advised to plead guilty. Commonwealth v. Marsh, 440 Pa. 590, 271 A.2d 481 (1970). We agree with the 1967 opinion that appellant's guilty plea was primarily motivated by the confession. However, at trial, appellant did not contest the voluntariness of that confession, and the court found that it was completely voluntary in that he readily admitted his participation in the stabbing as soon as he was taken into custody. In any case, appellant has offered no evidence of his trial counsel's incompetence in advising him to plead guilty rather than challenging the confession, going to trial and risking the death penalty. We are convinced that counsel's strategy in seeking to avoid the death penalty by admitting the confession, offering to put appellant on the stand, and introducing character witnesses in appellant's behalf was well within the range of competence, so that under the test outlined in Marsh, appellant has not shown that his guilty plea was...