Commonwealth v. Williams
| Decision Date | 06 May 1983 |
| Citation | 459 A.2d 830,313 Pa.Super. 243 |
| Parties | COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellant, v. Michael WILLIAMS. |
| Court | Pennsylvania Superior Court |
Submitted Jan. 6, 1982.
Michael J. Kane, Dist. Atty., Doylestown, for Commonwealth, appellant.
Martha Sperling, Asst. Public Defender, Doylestown, for appellee.
Before SPAETH, CAVANAUGH and MONTEMURO, JJ.
The Commonwealth appeals from an order suppressing all statements made by defendant between his arrest and arraignment. The lower court suppressed the statements on the ground that the Commonwealth failed to prove that defendant was arraigned within six hours of his arrest. Commonwealth v. Davenport, 471 Pa. 278, 370 A.2d 301 (1977). We agree with the lower court that the Commonwealth did fail to prove that defendant was arraigned within six hours of his arrest. However, defendant made two statements--one oral and one typewritten statement--and the record discloses that the typewritten statement was made after the arraignment. We therefore affirm the lower court's order so far as it suppresses the oral statement but reverse so far as it suppresses the typewritten statement.
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We must first determine whether the lower court's order is appealable. In Commonwealth v. Lapia, 311 Pa.Super. 264, 457 A.2d 877 (1983), this court held that "[w]hen confronted with a Commonwealth appeal from an order suppressing evidence, we must determine for ourselves whether the order is appealable--whether it terminates or substantially handicaps the prosecution; and we must make that determination on the basis of the record, and on that basis alone." Id. at ---, 457 A.2d at 884. Applying this test here, we are satisfied that the lower court's order is appealable. Defendant is charged with burglary, theft by unlawful taking and disposition, receiving stolen property conspiracy, and possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. The record reveals that without at least one of defendant's statements, the Commonwealth will be substantially handicapped, for the statements are the only evidence the Commonwealth has to support the charge of possession of a controlled substance, and it appears that there is very little other evidence available to the Commonwealth to support the other charges.
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Pa.R.Crim.P. 130(a) provides:
Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c), when a defendant has been arrested without a warrant in a court case, he shall be taken without unnecessary delay before the proper issuing authority where a complaint shall be filed against him and he shall be given an immediate preliminary arraignment.
In Commonwealth v. Davenport, supra, our Supreme Court held that "[i]f the accused is not arraigned within six hours of arrest, any statement obtained after arrest but before arraignment shall not be admissible at trial." Id. 471 Pa. at 286, 370 A.2d at 306 (footnote omitted).
Defendant was arrested at 8:40 a.m. N.T. 57. Although we held in Commonwealth v. Ryles, 274 Pa.Super. 547, 418 A.2d 542 (1980), that exigent circumstances may justify a delay in arraignment, no such circumstances existed here. Accordingly, under Davenport he had to be arraigned by 2:40 p.m. Defendant gave an oral statement about 10:00 a.m., N.T. 64, and began giving a typewritten statement at 2:36 p.m., N.T. 65. The District Justice's transcript shows that defendant was arraigned at 2:55 p.m.
Officer Iaccarino brought defendant to the District Justice for arraignment. Apparently they got to the District Justice's office between 2:20 and 2:30 p.m. The officer testified:
MR. McHUGH [assistant district attorney]: What time was that officer?
THE WITNESS: Of what, sir?
MR. McHUGH: That you took Mr. Williams to be arraigned?
THE WITNESS: It was prior to quarter to three, or 14:45 hours on the 11th of August, 1980.
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BY MR. McHUGH:
Q. That was when you took Mr. Williams over to the District Justice office?
A. No, sir.
Q. When did you take him over to the District Justice Office?
A. I would say it would be fifteen or twenty-five minutes, that was--
Q. Fifteen to twenty-five minutes before 14:45 hours?
A. Yes.
Officer Iaccarino also testified, however, that defendant was giving a statement at the police station at 2:36. N.T. 65. (The District Justice's office is in a building adjacent to the police station.) The typewritten statement also recites "Time Started" as "14:36 hours."
The lower court said that there was "insufficient evidence from which the Court can conclude that the Commonwealth has met its burden of showing that the defendant was arraigned within six hours after his 8:40 a.m. arrest." N.T. 100. We agree with this statement and accordingly, we hold that all statements made between defendant's arrest at 8:40 a.m., and his arraignment, at 2:55 p.m., should be suppressed. While this conclusion requires that defendant's oral statement must be suppressed, since it was given at 10:00 a.m., the question remains whether the typewritten statement must also be suppressed.
As we have mentioned, the typewritten statement recites "Time Started" as "1436 hours." It recites "Time Completed" as "1606 hours," or 4:06 p.m. Although there is no indication in the statement of a break for the arraignment, we know from the record that defendant was arraigned at 2:55 p.m. Evidently, therefore, part of the typewritten statement was given after the arraignment. We think it fair to say that in practical effect, the entire statement was made after the arraignment. Defendant began the statement at 2:36 p.m., just a few minutes before his arraignment, and after arraignment he continued it until 4:06. In addition, defendant's signature appears at the end of the statement.
The prompt arraignment rule was adopted "not simply to guard against the coercive influence of custodial interrogation but to ensure that the rights to which an accused is entitled at preliminary arraignment are afforded without unnecessary delay." Commonwealth v. Davenport, supra 471 Pa. at 284, 370 A.2d at 305. We believe that the record shows that these purposes have been served here. After his arraignment, defendant was fully advised of his rights. He was therefore no longer under the "coercive influence" associated with pre-arraignment delay. Nevertheless, he continued to give the typewritten statement, and at its conclusion,...
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