Connor v. State, 1 Div. 607

• Decision Date: 10 January 1984
• Docket Number: 1 Div. 607
• Citation: 447 So.2d 860
• Parties: Rayford CONNOR v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 860

447 So.2d 860

Rayford CONNOR v. STATE.

1 Div. 607

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

Jan. 10, 1984.

Rehearing Denied Jan. 31, 1984.

Certiorari Denied March 23, 1984

Alabama Supreme Court 83-527

and 83-528.

Paul D. Brown, Mobile, for appellant.

Charles A. Graddick, Atty. Gen. and P. David Bjurberg, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

BOWEN, Presiding Judge.

On this appeal, Rayford Connor, the appellant, argues (1) that his probation was improperly revoked, (2) that he should have been granted a continuance of his trial for burglary, and (3) that the trial judge improperly allowed the indictment to go into the jury room during the deliberation of the jury.

In March of 1982, Connor pled guilty to seven cases of possession of a forged instrument in the second degree. He was given a split sentence and ordered to serve one year with the remaining five years on probation.

In December of 1982, the State moved to revoke Connor's probation for a burglary he committed in October of 1982. The revocation was originally scheduled for February and counsel was appointed. However, the hearing was reset five times. The trial judge found that four of these times were "either because the Defendant or the Defendant's attorney was not prepared, the Defendant's attorney had another matter pending, or whatever."

On March 11, 1983, the Grand Jury returned an indictment against Connor for Burglary III. This indictment was based on the same incident contained and detailed in the delinquency report filed in December.

Finally, the revocation hearing was scheduled for March 17th. On that day, the defendant was arraigned on the burglary charge, entered a plea, and was tried and convicted by a jury. The trial judge then revoked the probation and ordered a presentence investigation. In April, Connor was sentenced as an habitual offender to fifteen years' imprisonment.

On March 17th, when defense counsel discovered that Connor was going to trial, he requested a continuance "because the Defendant had not been arraigned." In response to this, the trial judge found: "Clearly he has known since February 2, 1983, of this case, because that is the date the original motion to revoke was filed. It was understood by everyone that today the motion to revoke would be confessed, as well as there would be a plea in this particular case. However, the Defendant was advised that he does not wish to do that." The judge then arraigned Connor. Connor pled "not guilty by reason of entrapment" and the trial judge read the indictment. The judge also stated that he had told defense counsel about the indictment six days earlier.

Defense counsel requested "a reset that we may discover any matters that are discoverable." In response, the judge ordered the district attorney to give defense counsel his "whole file".

Although Connor was represented by appointed counsel, defense counsel requested additional time to allow Connor "to perhaps hire an attorney of his own choosing." This was denied and Connor was put to trial.

The State's case was very brief and consisted of the testimony of the owner of St. Stephens Pharmacy, who merely established the fact that the pharmacy had been broken into, and the arresting officer who observed Connor "behind the counter at the cigarette rack taking cartons of cigarettes and placing them in a box." In the box the officer also found a crowbar.

After the State rested, the trial judge, at the request of defense counsel, issued a subpoena for co-defendant Leslie Fisher. While waiting on this witness to arrive, defense counsel informed the judge that he had advised Connor that it was against his better judgment for his client to go to trial, that it "was in his best interest to both confess the revocation and accept (the) offered plea bargain", and that Connor had "insisted on going to trial" despite the fact that counsel had advised Connor of "the perhaps insufficiency of the defense which he discussed with me."

Defense counsel talked with the co-defendant and then released him as a witness. Counsel then requested a continuance alleging that he had not had "ample or enough time to research or talk with any of the witnesses that might be available." Under questioning by the trial judge, defense counsel admitted that he did not know what witnesses he might need or that might be available; and that he had asked his client and still had no knowledge of any witness that would be beneficial to the case. The judge stated: "You know, if he (Connor) doesn't know of any--I'll be happy to issue an instanter for anybody you want to issue, but he's told you there's not any."

The defense rested without presenting any evidence. After the jury found Connor guilty, the judge revoked his probation and ordered a presentence investigation. There was no motion for new trial.

I

Connor argues that the fundamental fairness guarantees of due process were violated by the manner in which his probation was revoked. He maintains that he was entitled to a revocation hearing as required by Armstrong v. State, 294 Ala. 100, 312 So.2d 620 (1975).

Armstrong is grounded on Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972), which held that parole revocation requires "an informal hearing structured to assure that the finding of a parole violation will be based on verified facts and that the exercise of discretion will be informed by an accurate knowledge of the parolee's behavior." 408 U.S. at 484, 92 S.Ct. at 2601. The principles outlined in Morrissey were applied to probation revocation hearings by Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973).

Here, we find substantial compliance with Armstrong. Instead of having a probation revocation hearing at which the court would not be bound by strict rules of evidence and the State's evidence need only reasonably satisfy the trial judge, Connor was tried on the indictment for the criminal offense which was the basis of the delinquency report. This was more than due process requires to revoke his probation. "(N)either our statute, ... nor the Constitution requires a final conviction of probationer on the offense charged before his probation may be revoked." Free v. State, 392 So.2d 857, 859 (Ala.Cr.App.1980), cert. denied, Ex parte Free, 392 So.2d 859 (Ala.1981).

In Moss v. Patterson, 555 F.2d 137 (6th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Kette v. Moss, 434 U.S. 873, 98 S.Ct. 221, 54 L.Ed.2d 153 (1977), the appellant's parole was revoked after he pleaded guilty to several charges. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed on the grounds that the appellant was not given an opportunity to present evidence in mitigation as required by Morrissey, supra. The situation in the present case, however, is markedly different. Connor did not plead guilty to the burglary charge. He was given a full trial and could have presented evidence in his defense or as mitigation. Moreover, he has not at any time asserted that he has any evidence to present in mitigation. See Jamerson v. State, 394 N.E.2d 222 (Ind.App.1979).

To remand this case for a revocation hearing would accomplish nothing. It would not provide Connor with any right or opportunity to exercise any right which he has not already had, such as an opportunity to present evidence in mitigation. Under the facts of this case, we find that the manner in which Connor's probation was revoked did not violate the fundamental fairness guarantees of due process.

II

It is also argued that the trial judge abused his discretion in denying a continuance. The trial judge is characterized as having exercised a "roughshod manner ... in refusing to continue the trial ... pending discovery of any and all exculpatory material ..., or...