Continental Cas. Co. v. Fibreboard Corp., s. 90-16519

• Decision Date: 08 September 1993
• Docket Number: 91-15331,Nos. 90-16519,s. 90-16519
• Citation: 4 F.3d 777
• Parties: CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FIBREBOARD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, v. PACIFIC INDEMNITY CO., Applicant in Intervention-Appellant. CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. FIBREBOARD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 777

4 F.3d 777

CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FIBREBOARD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, v. PACIFIC INDEMNITY CO., Applicant in Intervention-Appellant.

CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. FIBREBOARD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee.

Nos. 90-16519, 91-15331.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Sept. 8, 1993.

Donald T. Ramsey, David M. Rice, Carroll, Burdick & McDonough, San Francisco, CA, for plaintiff-appellant.

Kelly C. Wooster, Jayne Loughry, Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison, San Francisco, CA, for defendant-appellee.

On Remand from the Supreme Court of the United States.

Before: HUG, HALL, and O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judges.

O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judge:

On remand from the Supreme Court, we consider whether this appeal from the denial of declaratory relief has been rendered moot by the settlement of the lawsuits that prompted the request for such relief, and, if so, whether the district court's judgment ought to be vacated. --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 399, 121 L.Ed.2d 325.

I

Continental Casualty Co. ("Continental") brought this suit seeking a declaratory judgment that, under the insurance policy it had issued to Fibreboard Corporation ("Fibreboard"), it was not obligated to indemnify Fibreboard for punitive damages. Specifically, Continental sought a declaration that it was not liable for the punitive damages awarded against Fibreboard in two lawsuits, one in Texas (the Cimino action), the other in West Virginia (the In re Asbestos cases), involving asbestos-related injuries.

The federal district court held that Continental was not entitled to the declaratory relief it requested. See Continental Cas. Co. v. Fibreboard Corp., 762 F.Supp. 1368 (N.D.Cal.1991). After a thorough analysis of the choice of law problems presented, and a careful examination of the substantive law and public policy of California, Texas, and West Virginia with respect to the insurability of punitive damages, the court held that there was no legal barrier to Continental's indemnification of Fibreboard for the punitive damages awarded in the Cimino and In re Asbestos actions. Continental appealed, and in an unpublished memorandum we affirmed the district court's judgment. Continental then sought a writ of certiorari in the Supreme Court.

Meanwhile, events proceeded apace. In the In re Asbestos cases, Fibreboard concluded settlement agreements with all but four of some 300 plaintiffs. After those four won punitive damage awards at trial, Fibreboard settled with them as well. That settlement, to which Continental was a party, included an agreement between Continental and Fibreboard apportioning responsibility for the punitive damages won by the plaintiffs. In the Cimino action, Continental effected a court-approved settlement with the plaintiff class. Although Fibreboard did not participate, the settlement resulted in the dismissal of all claims against Fibreboard.

Informed of these developments, the Supreme Court granted Continental's petition for writ of certiorari, vacated our judgment of affirmance, and remanded the case to us "to consider the question of mootness." We asked the parties to file supplemental briefs, and then ordered the matter submitted for decision on the basis of those briefs.

II

"The basic question in determining mootness is whether there is a present controversy as to which effective relief can be granted." IUFA v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 966 F.2d 457, 459 (9th Cir.1992) (citation omitted).

At the threshold, we must determine precisely what "controversy" is presented for our review. Continental's complaint in the district court prayed for "a declaration that under the policy issued to Fibreboard, Continental Casualty Company has no duty to indemnify Fibreboard for liability for punitive damages." On the surface, this appears to be a request for an interpretation of the insurance contract, and for a declaration that the contract does not extend to an award of punitive damages under any circumstances. Continental, however, has never once made an effort to defend such a position in this litigation. ¹ What Continental has argued is that, with respect to two specific lawsuits, the Cimino and In re Asbestos actions described above, it cannot be made to pay the punitive damages awarded against Fibreboard because the law and policy of the relevant jurisdictions prohibits the indemnification of punitive damages.

The district court's opinion manifests the very same understanding of the "controversy" it was called upon to adjudicate. The opinion is not at all concerned with general matters of contract interpretation, but is devoted entirely to questions involving choice of law and the insurability of the punitive damages awarded by the Texas and West Virginia juries. The court's conclusions are likewise framed in terms of whether these specific punitive damages could be lawfully insured.

On appeal, the "controversy" placed before us remains only the insurability of the punitive damages awarded in the Cimino and In re Asbestos cases. Indeed, the very premise of this litigation has been that the insurance contract "does not expressly exclude coverage for punitive damages," 762 F.Supp. at 1370, so that only if the insurance of such damages is forbidden as a matter of public policy can Continental avoid the obligation to indemnify Fibreboard for those awarded against it. That question, by its nature, must be argued on a case-by-case basis.

In short, the "controversy" is over whether Continental can be required to indemnify Fibreboard for the specific punitive damages awarded in the Texas and West Virginia actions. The question that thus arises is whether this court is in a position to "grant effective relief" as to this particular controversy.

We think it obvious that the answer is no. Simply put, the question of who is to pay the punitive damages awarded in Cimino and the In re Asbestos cases is now, quite literally, settled. To grant Continental the declaratory judgment it sought would at this point be ineffective to relieve it of the legal obligation to indemnify Fibreboard for the specific punitive damages here at issue. Consequently, this matter "has lost its character as a present live controversy," and we...