Cook v. Exxon Shipping Co., 84-3995

• Decision Date: 03 June 1985
• Docket Number: No. 84-3995,84-3995
• Citation: 762 F.2d 750
• Parties: Olga L. COOK, Personal Representative of the Estate of Robert C. Cook, deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. EXXON SHIPPING COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, and Humble Oil & Refining Corporation, a Delaware corporation, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 750

762 F.2d 750

Olga L. COOK, Personal Representative of the Estate of Robert C. Cook, deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. EXXON SHIPPING COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, and Humble

Oil & Refining Corporation, a Delaware

corporation, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 84-3995.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted March 6, 1985.

Decided June 3, 1985.

Raymond J. Conboy, Pozzi, Wilson, Atchison, O'Leary & Conboy, Portland, Or., for plaintiff-appellant.

Mildred J. Carmack, Guy C. Stephenson, Schwabe, Williamson, Wyatt, Moore & Roberts, Portland, Or., for defendants-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.

Before KENNEDY and NORRIS, Circuit Judges, and LYNCH, ^* District Judge.

NORRIS, Circuit Judge:

This is an action against Exxon Shipping Company ("Exxon") for the wrongful death of Robert C. Cook. ¹ Cook's death resulted from injuries suffered as a result of an explosion aboard a vessel owned by Exxon. At the time of the explosion, the vessel was being repaired at Northwest Marine and Ironworks ("NWMI"), and Cook was doing repair work as an employee of NWMI. Appellant Olga L. Cook, who brought this action as personal representative of the estate of her husband, appeals a summary judgment in favor of Exxon. ² The appeal requires us to consider the duty of care owed by a shipowner to employees of an independent repair company making repairs on a ship.

I

It is not disputed that at the time of the explosion, Cook was covered by the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, 33 U.S.C. Secs. 901-950 (1982). In Scindia Steam Navigation Co. v. De Los Santos, 451 U.S. 156, 101 S.Ct. 1614, 68 L.Ed.2d 1 (1981), ³ the Supreme Court defined the duty of care owed by a shipowner to a stevedore and his longshoremen under the Act. The court stated:

"The shipowner thus has a duty with respect to the condition of the ship's gear, equipment, tools, and work space to be used in the stevedoring operations; and if he fails at least to warn the stevedore of hidden danger which would have been known to him in the exercise of reasonable care, he has breached his duty and is liable if his negligence causes injury to a longshoreman.... It is also accepted that the vessel may be liable if it actively involves itself in the cargo operations and negligently injures a longshoreman or if it fails to exercise due care to avoid exposing longshoremen to harm from hazards they may encounter in areas, or from equipment, under the active control of the vessel during the stevedoring operation."

Scindia, 451 U.S. at 167, 101 S.Ct. at 1622.

We hold that the duties of care delineated in Scindia apply to employees of independent repair companies who are working on a vessel as well as to longshoremen. In so holding, we follow the decision of the Fifth Circuit in Hill v. Texaco, Inc., 674 F.2d 447 (5th Cir.1982), which applied the Scindia standards to "any independent contractor and its harborworker employees covered by the ... [Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act] and working aboard ship." Id. at 451. We agree with the Fifth Circuit that there is no reason to limit the Supreme Court's holding in Scindia to stevedores.

II

Appellant argues that Exxon is not entitled to summary judgment because the evidence raises genuine issues of material fact with respect to whether Exxon breached its duty of care to Cook under the Scindia standards. Specifically, appellant contends that there are triable issues as to whether Exxon failed to warn Cook of a hidden danger on the vessel and whether Exxon actively involved itself in the repair operations, and then negligently caused Cook to be injured.

The evidence presented to the district court in connection with Exxon's motion for summary judgment indicates that the explosion occurred when one of Cook's co-workers cut through the deck of the vessel with a torch and ignited a bunker fuel tank located immediately beneath the deck. There is also evidence that John H. King, Jr., Exxon's repair superintendent, knew the location of the fuel tank. He admitted, moreover, that there were no deck markings that indicated the location of the fuel tanks closer than five or six feet from the point where the pipes penetrated the deck and that he did not tell the NWMI employees that the bunker fuel tank was close to the pipes.

Exxon contends that as a matter of law it satisfied its duty to warn of hidden dangers because of three undisputed facts: (1) it provided NWMI in 1979, three years before the repair work in question, with blue prints that showed the location of the fuel tanks; (2) two people employed by NWMI in positions of...