Corpus v. Estelle

• Court: U.S. Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: DOUGLAS
• Citation: Corpus v. Estelle, 414 U.S. 932, 94 S.Ct. 236, 38 L.Ed.2d 162 (1973)
• Decision Date: 15 October 1973
• Docket Number: No. 72-6542,72-6542
• Parties: Julius CORPUS et al. v. W. J. ESTELLE, Jr., Director, Texas Department of Corrections, et al

414 U.S. 932

94 S.Ct. 236

38 L.Ed.2d 162

Julius CORPUS et al.

v W. J. ESTELLE, Jr., Director, Texas Department of Corrections, et al.

No. 72-6542.

Supreme Court of the United States

October 15, 1973

On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied.

Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice MARSHALL concurs, dissenting.

Petitioner Perales, originally convicted of a drug offense, successfully moved for a new trial. In the First trial the prosecutor had waived the habitual offender provision for a mandatory life sentence in exchange for the petitioner's agreement to waive his right to jury trial. On retrial, petitioner exercised his right to jury trial and the prosecutor refused to waive the habitual offender sentence enhancement provisions. As a consequence petitioner received a mandatory life sentence upon conviction. The prosecutor has stipulated that:

'The decision made by the District Attorney of Travis County to waive the 'habitual count' of the indictment in [the first trial] was based solely upon the fact that the Defendant waived a jury trial. If the Defendant had waived a jury trial in [the second trial] the District Attorney of Travis County would have again waived the 'habitual count' . . ..' (R. 38, emphasis added.)

It is well established that 'if the only objective of a state practice is to discourage the assertion of constitutional rights it is 'patently unconstitutional." Chaffin v. Stynchcombe, 412 U.S. 17, 32 n. 20, 93 S.Ct. 1977, 36 L.Ed.2d 714; Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 631, 89 S.Ct. 1322, 22 L.Ed.2d 600; United States v. Jackson, 390 U.S. 570, 581, 88 S.Ct. 1209, 20 L.Ed.2d 138.

We thus held in United States v. Jackson, supra, that the death penalty clause in the Federal Kidnaping Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1201(a), which essentially insulated from the death penalty those defendants who waived the right to jury trial or pled guilty, imposed an impermissible burden on the exercise of Sixth Amendment rights.

Such express statutory schemes, however, are not the only mechanism for positing with an accused the necessity of determining whether the risk of greater punishment attending the exercise of constitutional rights makes that exercise too costly. A guilty plea constitutes a waiver of several fundamental rights, among them the right to jury trial. See Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 264, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427 (Douglas, J., concurring). Plea bargaining, the extreme importance of which was recognized in Santobello, leaves with the...