Cosgrove v. Commonwealth Edison Co.

• Decision Date: 31 July 2000
• Docket Number: No. 2-99-0601, No. 2-99-0602, No. 2-99-0685, No. 2-99-0892.
• Parties: Adeline COSGROVE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY and Northern Illinois Gas Company, Defendants-Appellees (Commonwealth Edison Company, Counterplaintiff-Appellant; Northern Illinois Gas Company, Counterdefendant-Appellee).
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

734 N.E.2d 155

315 Ill. App.3d 651

248 Ill.Dec. 447

Adeline COSGROVE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY and Northern Illinois Gas Company, Defendants-Appellees (Commonwealth Edison Company, Counterplaintiff-Appellant; Northern Illinois Gas Company, Counterdefendant-Appellee).

Nos. 2-99-0601, 2-99-0602, 2-99--99-0892.

Appellate Court of Illinois, Second District.

July 31, 2000.

Steven E. Nieslawski, David R. Nordwall, Cahill, Christian & Kunkle, Ltd., Chicago, for Commonwealth Edison Co. in Nos. 2-99-0601, 2-99-0602.

James F. Best, Colleen A. Caldwell, Best, Vanderlaan & Harrington, Wheaton, for Northern Illinois Gas Co. in No. 2-99-0601.

Michael R. Konewko, Konewko, Mullally & Zarski, Ltd., Maxine R. Grief-Bless, West Chicago, for Adeline Cosgrove.

James F. Best, Best, Vanderlaan & Harrington, Wheaton, for Northern Illinois Gas Co. in Nos. 2-99-0602, 2-99-0685 and 2-99-0892. Steven E. Nieslawski, Cahill, Christian & Kunkle, Ltd., Chicago, for Commonwealth Edison Co. in Nos. 2-99-0685, 2-99-0892.

Justice McLAREN delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiff, Adeline Cosgrove, appeals from the trial court's orders granting summary judgment in favor of defendants, Northern Illinois Gas Company (NiGas) and Commonwealth Edison (ComEd). ComEd also appeals from the dismissal of its counterclaim for contribution against NiGas. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

On July 25, 1995, Cosgrove and her roommate, William Bozic, noticed the power lines sparking in the alley behind their residence. The lines were still sparking when Cosgrove and Bozic went to bed. At approximately 3 a.m. on July 26, a fire erupted in the alley behind Cosgrove's home. Bozic saw an electrical wire fall to the ground during a storm and a nearby tree catch on fire. Both Cosgrove and Bozic also observed a tall blue flame shooting into the air.

On December 31, 1996, Cosgrove filed a four-count complaint, with counts sounding in negligence and res ipsa loquitur against both ComEd and NiGas. ComEd filed a counterclaim for contribution against NiGas. Cosgrove filed amended and second amended complaints, eventually alleging negligence and res ipsa loquitur against both defendants and spoliation of evidence against NiGas.

On April 15, 1999, the trial court granted NiGas's motion for summary judgment on all counts against it contained in Cosgrove's second amended complaint. Subsequently, the trial court also granted summary judgment in NiGas's favor on ComEd's counterclaim. ComEd was granted summary judgment on count III of Cosgrove's second amended complaint alleging res ipsa loquitur. The trial court made each of these orders final and appealable pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 304(a) (155 Ill.2d R. 304(a)). This appeal followed.

Cosgrove contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to ComEd and NiGas. Summary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, demonstrate that there exists no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. McNamee v. State, 173 Ill.2d 433, 438, 220 Ill.Dec. 147, 672 N.E.2d 1159 (1996). A trial court considering a summary judgment motion must construe the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and affidavits strictly against the moving party and liberally in favor of the nonmovant. Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 154 Ill.2d 90, 131-32, 180 Ill.Dec. 691, 607 N.E.2d 1204 (1992). Summary judgment should be granted only where the movant's right to judgment is clear and free from doubt; it should be denied where a reasonable person could draw divergent inferences from undisputed facts. Outboard Marine, 154 Ill.2d at 102, 180 Ill.Dec. 691, 607 N.E.2d 1204. On appeal, summary judgment rulings are given a de novo review. Outboard Marine, 154 Ill.2d at 102, 180 Ill.Dec. 691, 607 N.E.2d 1204.

Cosgrove first argues that summary judgment was improperly granted in NiGas's favor on count II of the second amended complaint, which alleged that NiGas was negligent in its installation, maintenance, and inspection of its gas lines. A NiGas natural gas pipe line ran in the alley behind Cosgrove's residence. Cosgrove alleged that the pipe leaked on or about July 25-26, 1995, and the escaping gas ignited, causing a large fire and releasing toxic gases, thereby injuring Cosgrove.

To properly state a cause of action in negligence, a plaintiff must establish the following elements: (1) the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff; (2) the defendant breached that duty; and (3) the breach was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries. Nowak v. Coghill, 296 Ill.App.3d 886, 892, 231 Ill.Dec. 15, 695 N.E.2d 532 (1998). NiGas argues that it did not owe a duty to Cosgrove unless it had notice of a leak or possible defect. This is not the law. As our supreme court has stated:

"Gas is a dangerous commodity, and the corporation which undertakes to furnish such service must exercise a degree of care commensurate to the danger which it is its duty to avoid and must use every reasonable precaution in guarding against injury to the person or property of others." Metz v. Central Illinois Electric & Gas Co., 32 Ill.2d 446, 450, 207 N.E.2d 305 (1965).

NiGas's argument, if adopted, would allow a gas company to forego inspection and maintenance of its facilities and escape liability for damages if no one reported the smell of gas before a gas line exploded. Clearly, NiGas owes a duty to inspect and maintain its lines so that it can safely provide gas to its customers. See Oliver v. Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co., 5 Ill. App.3d 1093, 1098, 284 N.E.2d 432 (1972) ("Defendant supplies a potentially dangerous explosive commodity. By virtue of its superior knowledge of that commodity's characteristics, defendant is obligated to safeguard those it supplies"). In this case, ignorance is not bliss.

We must next address the element of a breach of duty. At the time of the fire, the Westmont fire department and a ComEd crew responded to the scene. NiGas was not notified of the fire. In their depositions, neither Cosgrove, Bozic, Fire Captain Richard Bocek, nor any of the ComEd crew members could recall noticing the smell of natural gas before or during the fire. It was only several hours after the fire had been extinguished that the Westmont fire department was recalled to the scene because of the smell of gas, and a NiGas crew was called in by the fire department personnel after they detected a leak in the gas line in the alley behind Cosgrove's residence. However, both Cosgrove and Bozic stated that they saw a large blue flame shooting up from the ground at the time the tree started on fire. This evidence raises the question of whether gas leaking from NiGas's pipe contributed to the fire that allegedly caused Cosgrove's injuries. If it did, then the question of whether a breach of NiGas's duty to safely supply gas remains. Thus, construing the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and affidavits strictly against NiGas, we conclude that a material question of fact remains regarding the role of natural gas in the fire and NiGas's responsibility for the leak of the gas. Therefore, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of NiGas on count II of the second amended complaint.

Cosgrove next argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants on counts III and IV, which alleged res ipsa loquitur against ComEd and NiGas, respectively. The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur allows an inference or presumption of negligence to be raised by circumstantial evidence. Dyback v. Weber, 114 Ill.2d 232, 238, 102 Ill.Dec. 386, 500 N.E.2d 8 (1986). When res ipsa loquitur is invoked, the plaintiff bears the burden of proving that (1) the occurrence is one that would not ordinarily occur in the absence of negligence; and (2) the defendant had exclusive control of the instrumentality that caused the event. Nickel v. Hollywood Casino-Aurora, Inc., 313 Ill.App.3d 925, 930-31, 246 Ill.Dec. 747, 730 N.E.2d 1212 (2000). Res ipsa loquitur does not apply if the injury can be as readily attributed to pure accident as to the defendant's negligence. Nickel, at 930-31, 246 Ill.Dec. 747, 730 N.E.2d 1212.

Looking forward to count III, we conclude that the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of ComEd. Count III concludes that the fire at issue here was of the kind that "would not occur absent negligence of some kind on the part of" ComEd. We disagree. Negligence is not ordinarily the sole reason for a downed power line. Other forces may cause a downed power line, such as wind, lightning, storm, or an animal chewing through the wire. Captain Bozek of the Westmont fire department stated in his deposition that any of those things could have brought the line down. During the night in question, there had been strong storms, and rain was still falling when the fire crew arrived at the scene. There are injuries that may result from occurrences without fault on the part of anyone. Erckman v. Northern Illinois Gas Co., 61 Ill.App.2d 137, 145, 210 N.E.2d 42 (1965). A fire caused by a fallen power line may not result solely from negligence; therefore, res ipsa loquitur did not lie against ComEd in this case.

Addressing count IV, we conclude that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of NiGas. A ruptured gas line feeding a fire...