Cottrell v. Newspaper Agency Corp.

• Citation: 590 F.2d 836
• Decision Date: 08 January 1979
• Docket Number: No. 77-1356,77-1356
• Parties: 18 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1395, 18 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 8775 Douglas E. COTTRELL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NEWSPAPER AGENCY CORPORATION, a Utah Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit

Page 836

590 F.2d 836

18 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1395, 18 Empl. Prac.

Dec. P 8775

Douglas E. COTTRELL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NEWSPAPER AGENCY CORPORATION, a Utah Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 77-1356.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

Argued Sept. 28, 1978.

Decided Jan. 8, 1979.

R. Clark Arnold, Salt Lake City, Utah, for plaintiff-appellant.

James S. Lowrie, Salt Lake City, Utah (Glen D. Watkins, Salt Lake City, Utah, on the brief), for defendant-appellee.

Before SETH, Chief Judge, and LEWIS and BARRETT, Circuit Judges.

LEWIS, Circuit Judge.

Plaintiff filed a complaint under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ¹ in the United States District Court for the District of Utah against his former employer alleging racial discrimination in employment. This appeal is from a judgment of dismissal for failure to file the complaint within ninety days after receipt of an EEOC "Notice of Right to Sue" Letter as required by 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1). ²

On August 19, 1975, plaintiff filed a charge of employment discrimination with the Anti-Discrimination Division of the Utah Industrial Commission (UIC). On February 26, 1976, the Anti-Discrimination Division issued a determination that there was no reasonable cause to believe that defendant had violated the Utah Anti-Discrimination Act, UCA §§ 34-35-1 to 8, and dismissed the charge on the merits. The charge was automatically referred to the Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for further investigation, and plaintiff in addition appealed the adverse state determination to the UIC itself, which held a formal hearing on May 6. While the UIC appeal was still pending, on July 26, 1976, the EEOC issued a determination of no reasonable cause to believe that defendant had violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as alleged. The EEOC determination stated that:

Substantial weight has been accorded the State agency findings relating to the subject charge.

Enclosed with the EEOC determination was a letter entitled "NOTICE OF RIGHT TO SUE," which informed plaintiff that he could pursue his charge further by bringing suit in federal district court. The notice cautioned in bold capital print: "IF YOU DECIDE TO SUE, YOU MUST DO SO WITHIN NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE RECEIPT OF THIS NOTICE; OTHERWISE YOUR RIGHT TO SUE IS LOST." This warning notwithstanding, plaintiff failed to file suit in the present action until November 12, 1976, more than ninety days after the EEOC notice was received.

Plaintiff now argues that he is excused from compliance with the ninety day limit as a result of the EEOC's stated reliance on the state agency findings. At the time the EEOC determination and notice were sent the only available state agency findings were those of the Anti-Discrimination Division, then the subject of a UIC appeal. The final UIC determination was not made until October 20, 1976, and was not sent to plaintiff until October 30, more than ninety days after the EEOC letter was mailed. Plaintiff contends that his action should not be barred by failure to file within the ninety day period on grounds that: (1) effective notice from the EEOC, which commences the running of the period, was not received until the final UIC determination was delivered to plaintiff; or (2) the doctrine of equitable tolling should apply to delay the commencement of the period until the final UIC findings were received.

I.

Plaintiff's claim of inadequate notice is without merit and must be rejected. The EEOC determination letter apprised plaintiff of the following:

This determination concludes the Commission's processing of the subject charge. Should the Charging Party wish to pursue this matter further Charging Party may do so by filing a private action in Federal District Court within 90 days of the receipt of this letter and by taking the other procedural steps set out in the enclosed NOTICE OF RIGHT TO SUE.

Plaintiff thus received full and actual notification that the EEOC would pursue the matter no further and any further federal relief must be sought in district court within ninety days.

The efficacy of this notice is in no way vitiated by the EEOC's stated reliance on state agency findings. It was entirely proper for the EEOC to consider the findings of the Utah Anti-Discrimination Division in reaching its determination. The EEOC is under statutory obligation to "accord substantial weight to final findings and orders made by State or local authorities" in determining whether reasonable cause exists. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). There is, however, no correlative prohibition against according weight to "non-final" state findings. Indeed, Title VII contemplates that federal proceedings may be commenced during the pendency of state actions. 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-5(c), ³ (e) ⁴ and (f)(1). ⁵ Federal Title VII suits are De novo actions, so adverse interim state findings are no hindrance to a claim in federal district court. McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 799, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668.

We therefore conclude that the EEOC may afford substantial weight to non-final state findings in determining whether reasonable cause exists to believe that a charged party has violated Title VII and inform the charging party of that reliance without thereby impairing the effectiveness of its notice of right to sue.

II.

Plaintiff's claim of equitable tolling likewise provides us with no basis to disturb the judgment below. Plaintiff did not formally plead tolling in the district court, but he did argue the issue orally in response to defendant's motion to dismiss. In granting defendant's motion the district judge did not make any specific findings as to the relative equities on the tolling claim. It is thus unclear from the record whether the dismissal resulted from a finding of insufficient equity to justify tolling or from adoption of defendant's argument that the period is not subject to tolling under any circumstances. Despite this lack of certainty in the reasons premising the trial court's ruling we deem the case capable of appellate merit review on the present record. Compare Hernandez v. Stearns-Roger Corporation, 77-1982, 10 Cir., filed Nov. 27, 1978, unpublished. Assuming Arguendo that the ninety day period is subject to potential equitable tolling, Dartt v. Shell Oil, 10 Cir., 539 F.2d 1256, Aff'd per curiam (by an equally divided court), 434 U.S. 99, 97 S.Ct. 1097, 51 L.Ed.2d 534 (1977), the circumstances of this case indicate that plaintiff is entitled to no equitable relief as a matter of law.

In Electrical Workers v. Robbins & Myers, Inc., 429 U.S. 229, 97 S.Ct. 441, 50 L.Ed.2d 427, the Supreme Court held that the period for bringing suit under Title VII is not tolled by the pendency of arbitration proceedings, noting that relief under Title VII is totally independent of other available remedies and pendency of alternative proceedings in no way prevented the claimant from pursuing her Title VII rights. Electrical Workers was relied on by the Second Circuit in Smith v....