Courtesy Ford Sales, Inc. v. Clark

• Court: Alabama Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: SHORES; TORBERT
• Citation: Courtesy Ford Sales, Inc. v. Clark, 425 So.2d 1075 (Ala. 1983)
• Decision Date: 21 January 1983
• Parties: . v. George W. CLARK, Jr., and Louise H. Clark. 81-42. Supreme Court of Alabama

Page 1075

425 So.2d 1075

COURTESY FORD SALES, INC. v. George W. CLARK, Jr., and Louise H. Clark.

81-42.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

Jan. 21, 1983.

Richard H. Gill of Copeland, Franco, Screws & Gill, Montgomery, for appellant.

J. Paul Lowery, Montgomery, for appellees.

SHORES, Justice.

This is an appeal by defendant Courtesy Ford Sales, Inc., from a judgment rendered on a jury verdict against it for alleged tortious or fraudulent misrepresentation in connection with the sale to the Clarks of a 1978 Winnebago.

The Clarks purchased the 1978 Elanden II Winnebago from Courtesy Ford Sales for an agreed price of $36,179.00. The purchase price was made up of the trade-in of an older recreational vehicle, some cash, some borrowed funds, and the payoff by Courtesy Ford Sales of the remaining financed balance of the old trade-in vehicle. The persons primarily involved in the sale were Pete Perry, salesman, and Glenn Cook, credit manager.

The vehicle had been received by Courtesy Ford Sales a few months earlier from the manufacturer. While it was being brought from the RV (recreational vehicle) sales lot to the main service garage for routine preparation, a driver/employee turned too sharply entering the garage and scraped the lower right rear side of the vehicle against the door frame of the building.

The exact extent of the damage caused by the collision was disputed, but it is undisputed that a fiberglas panel was replaced with a new panel. Other repair work, including touch-up paint work, was also performed, all at Courtesy Ford's service shop. The work was done at the direction of William Cochran, the general manager of Courtesy Ford Sales, by Dave Daniels, the recreational vehicle service manager. The vehicle was then sold as a new unit to the Clarks, who were not informed of the damage to the vehicle.

The Clarks experienced problems with the vehicle over a two-year period. After about two years, the Clarks were informed of the damage to the vehicle by Dave Daniels, who had since left the employment of Courtesy Ford Sales.

The Clarks then brought this action against Courtesy Ford Sales; Pete Perry, the salesman; and Glenn Cook, the credit manager. The case was tried only upon a fraud count. The jury returned a verdict of $4,000 compensatory and $50,000 punitive damages against Courtesy Ford Sales, but returned a verdict in favor of the two employees.

After denial of the defendant's motions for new trial, JNOV, and remittitur, Courtesy Ford Sales filed this appeal. We reverse.

Courtesy Ford first argues that the verdict, being in favor of the two individual defendants but against their corporate employer, is inconsistent and due to be set aside. Appellant cites as authority for this argument this Court's opinion in Larry Terry Contractors, Inc. v. Bogle, 404 So.2d 613 (Ala.1981), wherein we held:

" 'The rule that prevails is that, when the principal and his agent are sued in joint action in tort for misfeasance or malfeasance of the servant, and his liability for the conduct of said servant is under the rule of respondeat superior, a verdict in favor of the servant entitles the master to have the verdict against him set aside.' "

404 So.2d at 614, quoting Louisville & N.R. Co. v. Maddox, 236 Ala. 594, 600, 183 So. 849, 853 (1938). In Larry Terry Contractors, however, the case was tried solely upon a theory of respondeat superior. The Court recognized in that case that, in a case properly grounded on theories other than vicarious liability, a principal may be liable where the agent is exonerated (citing Otts v. Gray, 287 Ala. 685, 255 So.2d 26 (1971)). Such a case exists where the principal participated in the tort to such an extent that he may be considered a joint tortfeasor. Liability in such a case, whether grounded in negligence or for willful conduct, is joint and several. Butler v. Olshan, 280 Ala. 181, 191 So.2d 7 (1966).

A judgment in favor of one of the tortfeasors operates as no defense to liability on the part of the other tortfeasors unless such others are liable only through the doctrine of respondeat superior. Brooks v. City of Birmingham, 239 Ala. 172, 194 So. 525 (1940). In other words, on appeal our review is whether there exists any evidence from which the jury could infer concurrent participation by the corporate employer to render it a joint tortfeasor, and whether the case was given to the jury on the possibility of such a finding.

Both exist in the instant case. The record discloses testimony that the damage to the vehicle was known to several of the employees of Courtesy Ford Sales, including Dave Daniels and William Cochran, the general manager. Affirmative misrepresentation is not the only basis for fraud, which can also exist in the concealment of material facts for which there is a duty to disclose. Jim Short Ford Sales, Inc. v. Washington, 384 So.2d 83 (Ala.1980); Hall Motor Co. v. Furman, 285 Ala. 499, 234 So.2d 37 (1970).

Mr. Cochran's testimony that he thought the damage was minor and the replacement of parts at Courtesy Ford was done as skillfully as it could have been at the factory goes to the question of the materiality of the facts concealed and not the duty to disclose those facts. The materiality of the facts is a question for the jury, and we can only infer that the jury found the concealment of the damage to be material.

There is also evidence in the form of Mr. Cochran's testimony that Dave Daniels took part in the...