Cramer v. State, Case No. 2D15–1434

Decision Date01 March 2017
Docket NumberCase No. 2D15–1434
Citation213 So.3d 1028
Parties David S. CRAMER, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
CourtFlorida District Court of Appeals

Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender, and John C. Fisher, Assistant Public Defender, Bartow, for Appellant.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and John M. Klawikofsky, Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for Appellee.

ORDER RELINQUISHING JURISDICTION

KELLY, Judge.

David Cramer appeals from his convictions for possession of a controlled substance, possession of drug paraphernalia, and escape. He argues that he was deprived of due process because the trial court failed to make an independent finding that he was competent to proceed to trial. We agree and relinquish jurisdiction to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this order.

Before trial, two court-appointed experts submitted written reports indicating Cramer was competent. At a hearing that followed, defense counsel stated the experts found Cramer competent and "we are in a position that we are proceeding toward the trial." The trial court made no oral findings regarding Cramer's competency. The State offered to prepare a proposed competency order and although the trial court apparently agreed, there is no competency order in the record.

The rules of criminal procedure require the trial court to hold a hearing when the court has reasonable grounds to question the defendant's competency. Dougherty v. State , 149 So.3d 672, 677 (Fla. 2014) (citing Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.210(b) ). A proper competency hearing generally requires testimony from court-appointed expert witnesses, but where the parties and the trial court agree, the court "may decide the issue of competency on the basis of the written reports alone." Id. at 677–78 (quoting Fowler v. State , 255 So.2d 513, 515 (Fla. 1971) ); accord Roman v. State , 163 So.3d 749, 751 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015) ("If the parties agree, the trial court can make its competency determination based solely on experts' reports."). However, the written reports are advisory only. Dougherty , 149 So.3d at 678. The trial court is required to make an independent determination of competency. Id. Furthermore, the trial court is not permitted to accept stipulations to the ultimate issue of competency, "even when all the experts have opined that the defendant is competent, as other evidence may indicate incompetence." Zern v. State , 191 So.3d 962, 964 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016) (citing Dougherty , 149 So.3d at 678 ).

The record shows the trial court failed to conduct a proper competency hearing. Instead, the trial court accepted a stipulation of competence from defense counsel without making an independent determination that Cramer was competent to proceed to trial. See Dougherty , 149 So.3d at 678. "Because an independent competency finding is a due-process right that cannot be waived once a reason for a competency hearing has surfaced, the trial court fundamentally erred in failing to make such a finding." Zern , 191 So.3d at 965.

The failure to hold a proper competency hearing or enter a written competency...

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5 cases
  • Carrion v. State, Case No. 2D14–2151
    • United States
    • Florida District Court of Appeals
    • January 19, 2018
    ...days, as we recently did in Moulton v. State, 230 So.3d 934, 42 Fla. L. Weekly D2434 (Fla. 2d DCA Nov. 15, 2017), and Cramer v. State, 213 So.3d 1028 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017), for the trial court to conduct a new competency hearing.Factual Background The State charged Mr. Carrion with two counts ......
  • Mansfield v. State
    • United States
    • Florida District Court of Appeals
    • September 15, 2017
    ...is not competent to proceed to conduct a competency hearing. Dougherty v. State, 149 So.3d 672, 677 (Fla. 2014) ; Cramer v. State, 213 So.3d 1028, 1029 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017). This rule is mandatory, and the defense cannot waive the requirement of a hearing even if the experts find him or her c......
  • Moulton v. State
    • United States
    • Florida District Court of Appeals
    • November 15, 2017
    ...trial court made an independent finding of competency, we relinquish jurisdiction for sixty days, as we recently did in Cramer v. State, 213 So.3d 1028 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017), for the trial court to conduct a new competency hearing.Moulton's competency was a recurring issue after she was arrest......
  • Nelson v. State
    • United States
    • Florida District Court of Appeals
    • September 17, 2021
    ...a nunc pro tunc competency hearing if it is possible in a manner that assures Mr. Nelson due process of law. See Cramer v. State , 213 So. 3d 1028, 1029 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017). At the end of the relinquishment period, counsel for the parties shall file a status report with this court to indicat......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

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