Crow v. Beck

• Decision Date: 16 November 1922
• Docket Number: 7 Div. 286.
• Citation: 94 So. 580,208 Ala. 444
• Parties: CROW v. BECK.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

94 So. 580

208 Ala. 444

CROW v. BECK.

7 Div. 286.

Supreme Court of Alabama

November 16, 1922

Appeal from Circuit Court, De Kalb County; W. W. Haralson, Judge.

Action in detinue by J. O. Crow against Bob Beck. From a judgment for defendant, plaintiff appeals. Transferred from Court of Appeals under Acts 1911, p. 449, § 6. Reversed and remanded.

Sayre Somerville, and Gardner, JJ., dissenting.

Baker &amp Baker, of Ft. Payne, for appellant.

Isbell & Scott, of Ft. Payne, for appellee.

THOMAS J.

This is the second appeal in this case. Beck v. Crow, 204 Ala. 295, 85 So. 489. After reversal, the issue of fact was submitted to the jury by oral charge, instructing that defendant had no right to hold the cotton for "something he claimed" of plaintiff other than defendant's one-half interest, plaintiff furnishing the teams and the land and defendant furnishing the labor.

A question in the case is whether there was a sufficient valuation assessed by the jury on the property made the subject of suit in detinue. The evidence showed that the cotton had been ginned and baled, which testimony came from the appellee, who had possession and control of the cotton and whose duty it was to gather and prepare it for market.

In Gwin v. Emerald Co., 201 Ala. 384, 78 So. 758, Code, § 3781 was discussed, and authorities collected to the effect that upon the trial of an action in detinue the jury must, after finding for plaintiff, assess the value of each article separately, if practicable, and also assess damages for its detention; and, if they find for defendant, they must in like manner assess the value, and, if in the possession of the plaintiff, assess damages for its detention (if such be claimed), and, where plaintiff has failed to prove the value of the property sued for, judgment cannot be entered for him; and it is not error to give a general charge for defendant. The value of the property sued for was properly assessed by the jury, and judgment therefor rendered. There was no error in refusing charges (we denominate) A and D on this ground.

The court in the general charge to the jury said that:

"While the laborer, the man who makes the crop, who does the work, has the right to the possession of the crop, the immediate possession of it, and to hold it until his lien is paid, yet, gentlemen of the jury, if, before a division of the crop, if the laborer assume control over it against the right of the man who owns the land and puts himself in the wrong by refusing to divide it and refusing to recognize the right of the plaintiff, the landowner, to have his part, if then he wrongfully and without legal excuse therefore attempts to confiscate the crop to his own use, then if he does that he puts himself in the wrong, and when he is in the wrong, the plaintiff may bring suit for his stuff and recover in a case like this."

When considered with other portions of the oral charge, there was no error in that to which exception was reserved.

The construction in Williams v. Lay, 184 Ala. 54, 63 So. 466, was of section 4792, and not section 4743, of the Code of 1907. We think the amendment of the latter statute (Acts 1915, p. 112) defined the interest in the crop so raised as acknowledging the legal title to be in the party as employer who furnished the land and teams to cultivate his land, whether or not he furnished all or any part of the fertilizer, and that the legal title was subject to the lien of the employé who furnished the labor to cultivate the land and raise the crop. The extent of the lien thereon of the employé is limited by provisions contained in the statute to such a portion of the crop as may be necessary to satisfy the "demand of the laborer" in its raising. That this is the proper interpretation of the amended statute (Acts 1915, p. 112) finds support in the declaration contained in Tucker v. Speer, 202 Ala. 604, 81 So. 546, that-

"The title to the crop in question was in Tucker, the employer. *** The measure of the laborer's lien being in a sum equal to the 'value of the portion of the crop to which he is entitled."'

This statement of the title and lien is supported in Farrow v. Woolley & Jordan, 149 Ala. 373, 43 So. 144, where the assignee of the laborer's lien was held not sufficient to maintain trover; Jordan v. Lindsay, 132 Ala. 567, 31 So. 484; Carleton v. Kimbrough, 150 Ala. 618, 43 So. 817; Foust v. Bains Bros., 167 Ala. 115, 52 So. 743, where laborers sought to mortgage their interests; Vandegrift & Sons v. Hawkins, 160 Ala. 430, 49 So. 754; Johnson v. McFry, 13 Ala. App. 619, 68 So. 718; decided before the last amendment as to fertilizers; Hudson v. Wright, 1 Ala. App. 433, 56 So. 258; Tate v. Cody-Henderson Co., 11 Ala. App. 350, 66 So. 837; Willard v. Cox, 9 Ala. App. 439, 63 So. 781.

Under the present appeal, the record discloses evidence that warranted the inference that appellant was holding the possession, not only to enforce his statutory lien to one-half the crop, less the price of fertilizer used in its cultivation, but for the collection of other claims for damages made by the laborer-employé against the employer-landowner. If such was the case, the employé had no right to hold the cotton for such other purpose-not for the bona fide object of securing and enforcing a settlement of his statutory lien for an interest in the crop as the laborer who produced the same. Acts 1915, p. 112, amending Code, § 4743; Lauderdale v. Flippo & Son, 200 Ala. 11, 75 So. 323. On first appeal (Beck v. Crow, supra) it was stated that the employé was in possession, holding under a lien created by statute for the laborer, and that possession cannot be justified for the purpose of extracting from the owner of the land a compromise or payment of other claims or debts; that the laborer raising the crop had a primary right of possession of such part of the crop as was subject to his statutory lien, and that interest did not prevent the employé from becoming a tort-feasor or being in default in dealing with the crop in such wise as imperiled the title and interest therein of the employer. If there is conflict between Beck v. Crow, supra, and Tucker v. Speer, 202 Ala. 604, 81 So. 546, and Carleton v. Kimbrough, 150 Ala. 618, 43 So. 817, the former is modified or overruled in respects indicated.

Further discussion of the question of repository of the legal title to a crop so grown on the lands of another is unnecessary; yet it may not be out of place to advert to the general rule that detinue will not lie by a person holding merely an equitable lien. 18 C.J. 997, § 16; Butler-Kyser Mfg. Co. v. Central of Ga., 190 Ala. 646, 67 So. 393 (trial of right of property under Code, § 3792); Johnson v. New Enterprise Co., 163 Ala. 463, 50 So. 911 (interpleader at law under Code, §§ 3792, 6039); Jones v. Anderson, 76 Ala. 427 (detinue for oxen and logging outfit); Jackson v. Rutherford, 73 Ala. 155 (detinue for personal property mortgage). In the latter case is contained a statement of the general rule that to maintain an action of detinue plaintiff must have a general or special property in goods sought to be recovered, and the right to immediate possession thereof; and in all cases where he has never had the actual possession, he must have the legal title in order to entitle him to a recovery. In the notes supporting the foregoing text of Corpus Juris is a quotation from Johnson v. New Enterprise Co., supra (interpleader at law, as we have indicated), that-

"A lienor or other equitable holder has no such title as would sustain detinue, and a system, at law, would be at least incongruous that permitted one whose title was not sufficient to maintain detinue to defeat an action by one whose right to the possession of the chattel was superior."

This by analogy supports the view we have announced.

From what is to be found of an expression of the legislative intent in this and analogous statutes the legal title is said to be in one who furnishes the land and stock to make a crop and an equity or lien in such part of the crop so grown in favor of the laborer who produced the crop by his labor, the extent of which lien being declared to be "for the value of the portion of the crop to which he is entitled." It is to be noted that the statute for construction expressly limits the lien on the crop to the value of the portion, etc., and concludes with the further limitation that when such lien is sought to be satisfied by attachment no more of the crop shall be levied on "than may be necessary to satisfy the demand of the laborer." What is meant by the use of the word "demand" in the last-quoted clause? No more than the lien fixed and secured upon the crop produced by the employé's labor. The statutory lien was not of the nature and solemnity of title of which the owner of the land was invested in the usufruct or product of his lands. If there are expressions in the foregoing authorities contrary to this view, they are modified so as to harmonize herewith. Charges denominated B and C were improperly refused.

If there was a failure of response in the verdict to the complaint, when the affirmative charge was requested the court's attention was not called to that variance now insisted upon. If it existed, the complaint could have been amended to meet the proof. Appellee takes nothing on this ground, as to refusal of the general charge requested. Circuit court rule 34, 175 Ala. p. xxi, B. M. & F. Co. v Walpole, 202 Ala. 175, 79 So. 659; Bowdoin v. Ala. Chem. Co., 201 Ala. 582, 79 So. 4; Morrison v. Clark, 196 Ala. 670, 72 So. 305; Allen v. Stand. Ins. Co., 198 Ala. 522, 73 So. 897; Ferrell v. Ross, 200 Ala. 90, 75 So. 466; United Bros. v. Kelly, 199 Ala. 678, 75 So. 312; Bickley v. Porter, 193 Ala. 607, 69 So. 565; Sou. Rwy. Co. v. Jordan, 192...