Culberson, Inc. v. Interstate Elec. Co., Inc., 86-1842

• Decision Date: 16 July 1987
• Docket Number: No. 86-1842,86-1842
• Citation: 821 F.2d 1092
• Parties: 1987-1 Trade Cases 67,630 CULBERSON, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. INTERSTATE ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 1092

821 F.2d 1092

1987-1 Trade Cases 67,630

CULBERSON, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. INTERSTATE ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., Defendant-Appellee.

No. 86-1842.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

July 16, 1987.

Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied Aug. 14, 1987.

Kevin J. Keith and James A. Williams, Dallas, Tex., for plaintiff-appellant.

Karl Dial and William D. Sims, Jr., Dallas, Tex., for defendant-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.

Before WRIGHT, ^* GEE and JOLLY, Circuit Judges.

EUGENE A. WRIGHT, Circuit Judge:

Culberson, a wholesale and retail distributor of video products, sued Interstate, an authorized RCA wholesaler, for conspiring to restrain trade in violation of Section 1 et seq. of the Sherman Act. 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1 et seq. (1982). The district court granted summary judgment for Interstate. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

Culberson is a wholesale and retail distributor of televisions and other appliances in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. It has never been an authorized RCA dealer. Between 1976 and 1982, it acquired RCA television Interstate is the authorized RCA wholesale distributor in Dallas/Ft. Worth. Together with numerous other authorized RCA distributors, it complained to RCA that subdistribution and transshipment were hurting its sales performance. ¹ RCA responded by adopting a policy against subdistribution and so notified its distributors by letter in February 1982. McDonald then stopped supplying to Culberson. In March 1983, RCA sent a second letter to its distributors reaffirming its policy against subdistribution. Upon its receipt, Appliance also stopped supplying Culberson from Toledo.

sets from McDonald, an authorized RCA dealer in New Orleans. It also acquired some from Appliance, an authorized dealer in Toledo. Culberson sold some of these instruments to other retail dealers in Dallas/Ft. Worth. The others he sold directly to consumers.

Culberson then had no source of RCA equipment except through Interstate. But Culberson complained that Interstate (1) would not meet its price; (2) would not supply popular models; and (3) required a longer lead time for delivery than did other retailers in the area.

Culberson brought suit, charging RCA, Interstate, and other distributors with, inter alia, violating the Sherman Act by conspiring to cut off its supply of television sets from outside Dallas/Ft. Worth.

DISCUSSION

Section 1 of the Sherman Act requires that the plaintiff show that a conspiracy existed. Monsanto v. Spray-Rite Service Corp., 465 U.S. 752, 761, 104 S.Ct. 1464, 1469, 79 L.Ed.2d 775 (1984). ² Independent action can not result in a violation. Id. at 761, 104 S.Ct. at 1469.

A conspiracy may be shown by circumstantial evidence. See Kreuzer v. American Academy of Periodontology, 735 F.2d 1479, 1486 (D.C.Cir.1984). To survive a summary judgment motion, the evidence must tend to "exclude the possibility" that the defendants acted independently. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio, 475 U.S. 574, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1357, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). Inferences may be drawn from the behavior of the alleged conspirators, but they must be "reasonable in light of the competing inferences of independent action or collusive action that could not have harmed respondents." Id.

Culberson argues that Interstate urged RCA repeatedly to stop supplying Culberson from outside Interstate's territory. Culberson argues that RCA responded to these complaints by adopting a policy designed specifically to end McDonald's and Appliance's supply of products to Culberson. RCA indicated that it would terminate distributorships of those who continued subdistributing. Appliance and McDonald then stopped supplying Culberson. Culberson concludes that this showed a causal connection between the distributors' complaints and RCA's actions to end subdistribution, raising reasonable inference of conspiracy.

Distributor complaints are to be expected in response to another's price-cutting. Monsanto, 465 U.S. at 763, 104 S.Ct. at 1470. They do not indicate an illegal conspiracy. Id. As this court said in Business Electronics Corp. v. Sharp Electronics Corp., 780 F.2d 1212, 1217 (5th Cir.1986):

[t]o allow evidence of termination following or in response to complaints to serve as the sole basis for [finding a conspiracy] would tend to discourage legitimate dealer complaints and legitimate manufacturer action in the face of such complaints. By disrupting communications between manufacturer and dealer it would create "an irrational dislocation in the market".

(Quoting Monsanto, 465 U.S. at 763-64, 104 S.Ct. at 1470).

We find this case analogous to those of dealer termination. ³ Both involve claims that the manufacturer has conspired to stop trading with an undesirable distributor.

Culberson argues that the holding in Sharp to submit the case to a jury should apply here, because the evidence is comparable. We disagree. In Sharp, this court held that a jury could reasonably infer a price-maintenance conspiracy from these facts: (1) the manufacturer sought the price-cutting distributor's adherence to a price list before it appointed a rival distributor; (2) the rival distributor followed the manufacturer's price list; (3) the rival distributor "complained vigorously" to the...