Culbreath v. Johnson, 53608
| Decision Date | 02 March 1983 |
| Docket Number | No. 53608,53608 |
| Citation | 427 So.2d 705 |
| Parties | William Clyde CULBREATH and Virginia L. Culbreath v. Bobbie G. JOHNSON, Executrix of The Estate of Bessie W. Culbreath, Deceased. |
| Court | Mississippi Supreme Court |
Corr & Carlson, George C. Carlson, Jr., Batesville, for appellants.
Robert H. Broome, Batesville, for appellee.
Before WALKER, DAN M. LEE and ROBERTSON, JJ.
I.
On June 7, 1975, Bessie W. Culbreath, the testatrix here, executed her holographic last will and testament leaving "all my land" to her granddaughter, Lynn Culbreath Schell. Almost four and a half years later, on November 21, 1979, a purported deed was filed for record wherein testatrix conveyed approximately 35 acres of land in Panola County, Mississippi, to her son, William Clyde Culbreath (the father of Lynn Culbreath Schell) and his second wife, Virginia L. Culbreath, defendants below and appellants here. On December 15, 1979, three weeks later, Bessie W. Culbreath died.
On April 10, 1980, Bobbie G. Johnson, the ex-wife of William Clyde Culbreath and the mother of Lynn Culbreath Schell, was appointed administratrix c.t.a. In that capacity on September 24, 1980, she brought this action in the Chancery Court of the Second Judicial District of Panola County. She charged that the signature of Bessie W. Culbreath on the purported deed was a forgery. The complaint prayed that the deed be declared null and void and cancelled of record.
After plenary trial on the merits, the Chancery Court found as a fact that the signature on the deed in question was not that of Bessie W. Culbreath but rather was a forgery. A final decree in favor of administratrix c.t.a. was rendered. William Clyde Culbreath and Virginia L. Culbreath have timely perfected their appeal to this Court, assigning as error only that the evidence at trial had failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the deed was a forgery. For the reasons set forth below, the decree below must be affirmed.
II.
The chronicle begins in 1952 when William Clyde Culbreath and Bobbie G. Culbreath Johnson, administratrix c.t.a. and appellee here, were married. One child was born to the marriage, namely, Lynn Culbreath, now Lynn Culbreath Schell. At sometime in 1960 Culbreath and his first wife were divorced. In November of 1964, Culbreath married his present wife, Virginia L. Culbreath.
On June 7, 1975, Bessie W. Culbreath, the mother of William Clyde Culbreath, wrote out her last will and testament which simply stated "I leave all my land and my diamond ring to my granddaughter, Lynn Schell." Without dispute this was and is the true holographic last will and testament of Bessie W. Culbreath.
At one time during her lifetime, the testatrix owned approximately 96 acres of land in Panola County. She had by prior conveyance alienated a portion of this land, so that in October of 1979 she owned approximately 35 acres.
In the fall of 1979, the testatrix was suffering from terminal cancer. At that time she was living in the home of her son and daughter-in-law, defendants below and appellants here, in Jacksonville, Arkansas. In October of 1979, all three Culbreaths, the two appellants here and the testatrix, visited Earl Otis Linebarier, Jr., a neighbor and lawyer, in the front yard of his home. They asked Linebarier if he would prepare the deed disputed in this action. They furnished him the legal description and other necessary information. On or about October 24, 1979, Linebarier delivered to the Culbreath home in Arkansas the deed he had prepared.
There is an unimportant conflict in the testimony regarding Linebarier's role in the execution of the deed. The Culbreaths testified that Linebarier brought the deed to their home with the notary seal already affixed and that Linebarier simply waited in the front room while the deed was taken to testatrix for her signature. Linebarier remembers that he merely left the deed at the Culbreath home and that the same afternoon or the next day it was returned to him signed but not notarized. He states that he then took the deed to Pine Bluff where it was notarized by his secretary. Of greater significance is the uncontradicted evidence
(a) that Linebarier did not see testatrix sign the deed, and (b) that the deed was not signed in the presence of the notary public.
Administratrix c.t.a. at trial relied primarily upon the testimony of Marie B. Hill, a handwriting expert. Ms. Hill gave her firm opinion that the signature on the deed was not that of testatrix. Comparing the signature on the deed to acknowledged samples of the actual signature of Bessie W. Culbreath, Ms. Hill explained that the deed had been forged, noting
(a) that the signature on the deed was compressed and much smaller than the true signatures of testatrix;
(b) that there were different slants in the letters when the deed was compared with testatrix' true signature;
(c) that there were different spacings in the letters of the signature on the deed when compared with the samples;
(d) that the signature on the deed appeared "drawn" as opposed to having been freely written; and
(e) that the signature on the deed sits perfectly on the line whereas the signatures on the samples "bounce."
Beyond this administratrix c.t.a., as the former daughter-in-law of testatrix Bessie W. Culbreath, testified that she had been familiar with the signature of her former mother-in-law and that in her opinion the signature on the deed was a forgery.
The Culbreaths, defendants below and appellants here, countered with their purported individual eyewitness testimony. Virginia L. Culbreath testified that she personally witnessed testatrix' execution of the deed in the presence of her two sons, Ronald Gene Culbreath, age 12 and William Joseph Culbreath, age 14. The testimony of the two sons was far less positive, though each remembered a lawyer visiting their house with a "paper" that their grandmother signed.
The Culbreaths also made a substantial attack on the credibility of the expert witness testimony of Ms. Hill. Cross-examination established that there were more sophisticated techniques, e.g., ultra violet lights and microscopes, which are frequently employed by handwriting experts. When asked why these were pretermitted in the case at bar, Ms. Hill replied,
Faced with these irreconcilable conflicts in the evidence, the Chancery Court found as a fact that the signature on the purported deed in question was not the signature of Bessie W. Culbreath. In addition to thus crediting the testimony of Ms. Hill, the chancellor observed that there was a "tremendous variance" between the signature on the challenged deed when compared with the admitted true samples of testatrix' signature. The court, therefore, held
[t]hat the complainant [administratrix c.t.a.] has proven by clear and convincing evidence that the deed of record in Deed Book L-4 at page 255 in the Batesville office of the Chancery Clerk of Panola County, Mississippi, is not in the handwriting of Bessie W. Culbreath and is a forgery; that said deed is invalid, void and of no effect and should be set aside.
III.
Without doubt administratrix c.t.a. at trial was saddled with the burden of proving the fact of forgery by clear and convincing evidence. McMahon v. McMahon, 247 Miss. 822, 836, 157 So.2d 494 (1962). The trial court found that this burden had been met.
Under established principles regarding our scope of review, see Blakeney v. Blakeney, 244 So.2d 3 (Miss.1971), we are charged with examining the entire record. In so doing, that evidence which supports or reasonably tends to support the findings of fact made below, together with all reasonable inferences which may be drawn therefrom and which favor the...
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