Darling v. Hurst

• Decision Date: 22 November 1878
• Citation: 39 Mich. 765
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court
• Parties: Theodore S. Darling v. Thomas Hurst, Elizabeth Hurst, Mary Hurst, Sarah A. Hurst, Alexander T. Hurst, Jacob R. Vreeland, Henry H. Hawkins and Levi L. Barbour

39 Mich. 765

Theodore S. Darling v. Thomas Hurst, Elizabeth Hurst, Mary Hurst, Sarah A. Hurst, Alexander T. Hurst, Jacob R. Vreeland, Henry H. Hawkins and Levi L. Barbour

Supreme Court of Michigan

November 22, 1878

Submitted October 25, 1878

Appeal from Superior Court of Detroit.

Bill to set aside conveyances. Defendants appeal.

Part of the decree reversed, and the bill dismissed, and Hust recovered her costs of this court and her own distinct and proper costs in the court.

Moore & Moore and Henry M. Cheever for complainant.

Alex. T. Hurst and Alfred Russell for defendants.

Graves J. Campbell, C. J. concurred. Cooley, J. dissenting. Marston J., did not sit in this case.

OPINION

Graves J.

This is a case in equity where the complainant seeks in aid of execution levies, to have certain transfers made by the debtor, Thomas Hurst, and also some other entanglements set aside on the ground of being fraudulent against creditors.

Besides grants made to his children, he conveyed to his wife, the defendant Elizabeth, lots one and two of Scoville &amp Whipple's subdivision of part of the Loranger farm, and which were worth about $ 4000.

The deed was given June 14, 1875, and it stated the consideration at $ 4105. The conveyances to his children, which were made at the same time, embraced the residue of a large estate and left nothing for creditors.

The cause was heard on pleadings and evidence, and the court granted the relief asked and set aside the grant to Mrs. Hurst with the others. She appealed and the only question in this court is whether upon the matters in the record the case alleged against her is made out. The case has been well presented and counsel have brought the controversy within very narrow limits.

The suit was brought originally by Sylvester Noble, Darling the present complainant being a defendant, and the original bill filed by Noble called for answers on oath, and Mrs. Hurst so answered. Darling did not defend. Subsequently Noble conveyed his interest to Darling who proceeded to perpetuate the suit by supplemental bill in his own name, as complainant, leaving Noble out entirely. In this bill it was stated that answers upon oath were waived. In answering it Mrs. Hurst simply reaffirmed her former answer except the addition of a single fact of no present importance by way of supplement.

After setting up the proceedings at law and the several transfers, including the conveyance from defendant Thomas to his wife, the bill says: "Your orator charges upon information and belief that each and all of said conveyances and said assignment from said Thomas Hurst, were made wholly without consideration and for the express purpose of cheating, injuring and defrauding your orator and the other creditors of said Thomas Hurst, and to hinder and prevent your orator and the other creditors from enforcing their said claims against said Thomas Hurst." Such is complainant's case against Mrs. Hurst as charged in the bill.

The answer denies the allegation and insists that the deed was in consideration of an actual indebtedness to her from her husband of $ 4105.47.

The issue is plain. The complainant brings his charge and the defendant denies it.

No question has been made upon the circumstance that the bill filed by Darling after the answers on oath required by the first bill and which is made a basis of the later proceedings, calls for answers without oath; and perhaps it is not necessary to discuss this feature.

It is an elementary principle for which no authority need be cited, that he who impugns a transaction as fraudulent, which may or may not be so, is not sustained by his own assertion alone in case he is disputed, but has the burden on him to make his allegation good by independent evidence. This principle applies to the issue made up between these parties.

The necessity of establishing by sufficient evidence, the charge in the bill against the deed to Mrs. Hurst, rests on the complainant, and the answer affords him no aid. Without extrinsic facts he cannot count on inferences, because independently of such facts there is no foundation for any inferences to sustain him.

Upon the pleadings alone it is plain the case would fail. The charge rests on information and belief, and is denied directly and positively. Hill v. Bowman, 35 Mich. 191; Allen v. Antisdale, 38 Mich. 229. Complainant has acted on this theory and has called witnesses to prove the allegation in the bill. But who are the witnesses? The two parties he charges with the very fraud in question. He makes the defendants, Thomas and Elizabeth, his witnesses to prove that the conveyance from one to the other was fraudulent.

This course is competent, but it is subject to its own risks and to those considerations which apply wherever one submits to a court to decide between him and his adversary upon the version of the latter. The whole of what is stated must be fairly considered, and while there is no rule which compels courts and juries to put aside their judgments and blindly accept whatever falls from a person on the witness stand, so there is none which sanctions arbitrary rejections of testimony.

There is no warrant in law or reason for any arbitrary discriminations, and the circumstance that a defendant on being called by complainant testifies under the influence of interest, or under imputations of wrong doing, gives no right to the complainant to accept what appears favorable to himself, and to reject or ignore whatever tends the other way. Roberts v. Miles, 12 Mich. 297; Roberts v. Gee, 15 Barb. 449; Elwood v. Union Telegraph Co., 45 N.Y. 549; Lomer v. Meeker, 25 N.Y. 361; Carver v. Tracy, 3 Johns. 427; Wailing v. Toll, 9 Johns. 141; Newton v. Pope, 1 Cow. 109; Wilson v. Wagar, 26 Mich. 452. There must be something more to justify such distinctions.

Now what do these defendants testify on being called by complainant as his witnesses? They swear positively that defendant Thomas, was indebted to his wife in a little more than $ 4000, and that he conveyed the lots in satisfaction of that indebtedness. They explain the transaction in this way. Both were employed for many years in the Marine Hospital, she receiving $ 200 per year in monthly payments which she handed over to her husband as it was paid to her. Both swear it was agreed between them that this salary should be her money and that he should be accountable to her for it with interest, and that adding the accumulations of interest the same had grown to be $ 4105 and a few cents in her husband's hands, and that the lots were transferred and accepted in payment.

This is the chief testimony the complainant offers to the court to maintain his allegation against Mrs. Hurst's deed and prove that it was given without any consideration. Strike out the testimony of these persons and the case against her conveyance falls to the ground.

With becoming candor counsel for complainant admit that she earned and received the...