Davenport v. State

• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: COURTNEY HUDSON GOODSON
• Citation: Davenport v. State, 2013 Ark. 508, 431 S.W.3d 204 (Ark. 2013)
• Decision Date: 12 December 2013
• Docket Number: No. CR–13–18.,CR–13–18.
• Parties: Talideen DAVENPORT, Appellant v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

2013 Ark. 508

431 S.W.3d 204

Talideen DAVENPORT, Appellant

v.STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR–13–18.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Dec. 12, 2013.

Ronald L. Davis, Jr., Law Firm, PLLC, Little Rock, by: Ronald L. Davis, Jr., for appellant.

Dustin McDaniel, Att'y Gen., by: Laura Shue, Ass't Att'y Gen., for appellee.

COURTNEY HUDSON GOODSON, Justice.

Appellant Talideen Davenport appeals the order entered by the Pulaski County Circuit Court denying his petition for postconviction relief under Rule 37.1 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure. For reversal of that decision, he contends that the circuit court erred by not finding that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object or secure his waiver when the circuit court, rather than the jury, imposed his sentences for a firearm enhancement and his convictions for unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. We affirm.

In 2006, the prosecuting attorney in Pulaski County charged Davenport by amended felony information with capital murder and three counts of unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. The information also alleged that Davenport was an habitual offender and that his sentences were subject to enhancement, pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16–90–120 (Repl.2006), for employing a firearm during the commission of the offenses. Subsequently, a jury found Davenport guilty of capital murder and the three counts of unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. The jury also found that Davenport used a firearm when committing each offense. Because the State waived the death penalty, the circuit court automatically sentenced Davenport to life in prison without the possibility of parole for capital murder. SeeArk.Code Ann. § 5–10–101(c)(1) (Repl.2006); Ark.Code Ann. § 5–4–602(3)(B)(ii) (Repl.2006). The court also sentenced Davenport as an habitual offender to concurrent terms of thirty years in prison for the unlawful-discharge convictions and to a single consecutive term of fifteen years for a firearm enhancement. This court affirmed his convictions and sentences. Davenport v. State, 373 Ark. 71, 281 S.W.3d 268 (2008).

Davenport subsequently filed a timely, pro se petition for postconviction relief alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. His claims included the allegation that his trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting when the circuit court, instead of the jury, assessed the sentences for the firearm enhancement and the unlawful-discharge convictions. The circuit court denied the petition without a hearing. Davenport appealed, and this court reversed and remanded because the circuit court failed to make adequate findings of fact on this issue. Davenport v. State, 2011 Ark. 105, 2011 WL 835180 (per curiam). Citing Haynie v. State, 257 Ark. 542, 518 S.W.2d 492 (1975), we observed that punishment under the firearm-enhancement statute should be set by the jury and not by the court when a defendant is tried by a jury. Although recognizing that Davenport's claim did not constitute fundamental error, we concluded that he might have a cognizable claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for the failure to object to sentencing by the court on the firearm enhancement. We also observed that Davenport's due-process rights were not violated when the circuit court imposed the sentence of life without parole for capital murder because that was the only sentencing option available due to the State's waiver of the death penalty. However, we said that the same was not necessarily true for the unlawful-discharge convictions because a range of punishment was available on those charges. Although the State argued that Davenport waived sentencing by the jury in accordance with Rule 31.2 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure, we concluded that the record of trial did not clearly demonstrate that there had been a waiver by defense counsel in open court or that the defendant was present when the waiver allegedly occurred, as the discussions regarding sentencing took place in a bench conference after the jury had announced its verdicts.

On remand, Davenport retained counsel, and the circuit court held a hearing that focused on the issue of waiver of sentencing by the jury. William O. James, Jr., Davenport's trial counsel, testified that he recalled a bench conference where a waiver of sentencing by the jury on the firearm enhancement and the unlawful-discharge convictions was discussed because Davenport was to receive a mandatory life sentence for capital murder. However, James had no specific recollection of discussing the waiver with Davenport, but James said that it was his habit to do so and that “it's hard to imagine I wouldn't do it.”

Davenport testified that he remembered the lawyers approaching the bench after the jury had rendered the guilty verdicts, but he said that he could not hear the conversation that the lawyers were having with the judge. He did not recall a discussion with James about permitting the judge to sentence him for the firearm enhancement or the unlawful-discharge-of-a-firearm convictions.

John Hout, the lead attorney in Davenport's prosecution, testified that it is his practice in capital cases, where the death penalty is not at issue, to discuss with defense counsel the possibility of waiving jury sentencing on any remaining charges because the “amount of time would be irrelevant due to the fact that he would serve life without parole on the capital.” Hout remembered having such a discussion with James, and he recalled James having a private conversation with Davenport prior to the bench conference where James indicated that Davenport would waive jury sentencing on the remaining charges. Hout also made a notation on his case file that the defendant had waived jury sentencing. On cross-examination, Hout said that he was not privy to what James and Davenport had discussed in their private conversation prior to the bench conference, and Hout stated that Davenport was not present at the bench conference when James waived sentencing by the jury.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the circuit court once again denied Davenport's petition for postconviction relief. In its written order, the circuit court found that James had agreed to waive sentencing by the jury and that James had not varied from his usual practice of securing consent to do so. The court also found that, even if Davenport had shown that counsel's representation was deficient, he had not demonstrated that the outcome would have been different. Davenport timely filed a notice of appeal from the circuit court's order.

On appeal, Davenport argues that decisions from this court establish that punishment should be set by the jury and not the circuit court when a defendant is tried by a jury. He contends that the record of trial shows that his trial counsel did not object when the circuit court set his sentences for the firearm enhancement and the unlawful-discharge convictions. Davenport also argues that the trial record and evidence adduced at the Rule 37 hearing establish that trial counsel did not obtain his consent for the circuit court to impose the sentences. Thus, he contends that the circuit court erred by not finding that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel.

The benchmark for judging a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must be “whether counsel's conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Pursuant to Strickland, we assess the effectiveness of counsel under a two-prong standard. First, a petitioner raising a claim of ineffective assistance must show that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the petitioner by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Williams v. State, 369 Ark. 104, 251 S.W.3d 290 (2007). There is a strong presumption that trial counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of professional assistance, and an appellant has the burden of overcoming this presumption by identifyingspecific acts or omissions of trial counsel, which, when viewed from counsel's perspective at the time of the trial, could not have been the result of reasonable professional judgment. Henington v. State, 2012 Ark. 181, 403 S.W.3d 55; McCraney v. State, 2010 Ark. 96, 360 S.W.3d 144 (per curiam). Second, the petitioner must show that counsel's deficient performance so prejudiced petitioner's defense that he was deprived of a fair trial. Holloway v. State, 2013 Ark. 140, 426 S.W.3d 462.

Thus, a petitioner making an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim must show that his counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Cunningham v. State, 2013 Ark. 304, 429 S.W.3d 201 (per curiam). The petitioner also must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, the fact-finder would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt, i.e., the decision reached would have been different absent the errors. Howard v. State, 367 Ark. 18, 238 S.W.3d 24 (2006). A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. The language, “the outcome of the trial,” refers not only to the finding of guilt or innocence, but also to possible prejudice...