Davis v. University of the District of Columbia

• Citation: 603 A.2d 849
• Decision Date: 11 February 1992
• Docket Number: No. 89-1526.,89-1526.
• Parties: Wayne L. DAVIS, Appellant, v. UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al., Appellees.
• Court: D.C. Court of Appeals

603 A.2d 849

Wayne L. DAVIS, Appellant, v. UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al., Appellees.

No. 89-1526.

District of Columbia Court of Appeals.

Argued January 10, 1992.

Decided February 11, 1992.

George C. Lacy, Washington, D.C., for appellant.

James C. McKay, Jr., Asst. Corp. Counsel, with whom John Payton, Corp. Counsel, and Charles L. Reischel, Deputy Corp. Counsel, Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for appellees.

Before FERREN and FARRELL, Associate Judges, and GALLAGHER, Senior Judge.

GALLAGHER, Senior Judge:

Appellant Davis' position as an educational service employee of the University of the District of Columbia ("UDC") was eliminated by a reduction in force ("RIF"). After the President of UDC denied his appeal, he sought review by the District of Columbia Office of Employee Appeals ("OEA") which dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. The Superior Court of the District of Columbia affirmed OEA's decision. Davis contends that the trial court erred in ruling that OEA lacked jurisdiction over his appeal,¹ and the denial of his due process rights to a hearing warrants that the RIF be rescinded with respect to his position. We affirm.

Davis had been employed as an educational service employee by UDC since 1970 and had held the position of instructor-counselor since 1981. In 1986, Davis' position was eliminated pursuant to a RIF,² and he appealed the decision to the president of UDC.³ While the appeal was pending, he accepted the position of management assistant at UDC at a lower salary level, but he retained his previous salary for one year. After the president denied Davis' appeal,⁴ he appealed to OEA in 1986. Appellant attended a pre-hearing conference and two status conferences during 1987 and 1988. The parties agreed that an evidentiary hearing was not necessary because there were no disputed issues of fact. In 1989, the OEA hearing examiner assigned to the case issued an initial decision, which was adopted by its full board. OEA dismissed the case on the ground that it did not have jurisdiction to hear appeals from RIF's of educational employees of UDC under the District of Columbia Government Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of 1978 ("CMPA"), D.C.Code §§ 1-601.1 to 1-637.2 (1987 Repl.). Davis appealed OEA's decision to the Superior Court, pursuant to D.C.Code § 1-606.3(d), where it was affirmed.

I

At the outset, we note that this court must conduct "the identical review that we would undertake if this appeal had been heard initially in this court." See Kegley v. District of Columbia, 440 A.2d 1013, 1019 (D.C.1982) (footnote omitted). Furthermore, it is well settled in this jurisdiction that we defer to an agency's interpretation of a statute it administers unless that interpretation is unreasonable in light of the prevailing law, inconsistent with the statute, or plainly erroneous. Public Employee Relations Board v. Washington Teachers' Union Local 6, 556 A.2d 206, 207 (D.C.1989) (citing cases); Grant v. District of Columbia, 545 A.2d 1262 (D.C.1988). OEA is the agency charged by the CMPA, D.C.Code §§ 1-606.2, -606.3, with the responsibility of hearing and adjudicating appeals from District of Columbia agency employees. As such, it should be accorded deference in its interpretation of these provisions of the CMPA.

A

The CMPA treats educational employees of UDC differently from other District employees. Educational employees of the UDC are governed by D.C.Code § 1-602.3(b), which provides that:

the Board of Trustees of the UDC shall develop policies on classification, appointment, promotion, retention and tenure of employees consistent with the educational mission of the University and in accordance with sound policies and practices of land-grant universities which meet the standards established by the College and University Personnel Association. Additionally educational employees shall not be covered by subchapter ... XXV Reductions in Force of this chapter.

§ 1-602.3(b). The right of employees to appeal a RIF action to OEA is encompassed in § 1-625.4 of subchapter XXV. Because educational employees of UDC are expressly excluded from subchapter XXV,⁵ OEA determined that no right of appeal to it for a RIF action exists for Davis, an educational employee of UDC. OEA concluded that it therefore lacks jurisdiction to hear Davis' appeal from the RIF action.

B

However, Davis relies on other general provisions of the statute rather than the more particularized provisions relating to educational employees upon which OEA based its ruling and, consequently, insists that OEA has jurisdiction over the RIF action. He claims that the RIF should be considered equivalent to an adverse action or grievance and that OEA has jurisdiction to hear such appeals by educational employees. We find no merit in Davis' contention. While it is true that OEA has jurisdiction to hear appeals of all District employees for adverse actions and grievances, D.C.Code §§ 1-617.1, -617.2, a RIF action is not included in either of these actions. The provisions for a RIF action are expressly embodied in subchapter XXV, §§ 1-625.1 to 1-625.4, of the CMPA. These provisions are clearly separate and distinguishable from adverse actions and grievances which are incorporated elsewhere in the CMPA, i.e., subchapter XVII, §§ 1-617.1 and 1-617.2, respectively. UDC's regulations also distinguish among the three types of actions. Adverse actions⁶ and grievances⁷ are covered specifically in Chapters 15 and 16 of 8 DCMR, respectively, while RIF's⁸ are considered in 8 DCMR §§ 1135-1139 (1988). Moreover, the regulations specifically exclude RIF's from the category of adverse actions. 8 DCMR § 1500.3(b) (1988). Nevertheless, Davis contends that the broad language of the provisions for adverse action and grievances mandate a hearing for him before OEA. However, Davis' reliance on the general provisions of the CMPA rather than on the specific provisions for education employees of UDC is misplaced. We have adopted the proposition that

where ... general provisions, terms or expressions in one part of a statute are inconsistent with more specific or particular provisions in another part, the particular provisions must govern or control, as a clear and more definite expression of the legislative will....

District of Columbia v. Linda Pollin Memorial Housing Corp., 313 A.2d 579, 583 (D.C.1974). Therefore, in deference to OEA's interpretation of the specific provisions of the CMPA which govern educational employees of UDC, we do not find that its dismissal of the instant case on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction was "unreasonable" or "plainly erroneous."

C

Appellant also relies on UDC's rules and regulations concerning review and appeal of RIF decisions (8 DCMR § 1139 (1988)) to OEA. These regulations were established by UDC pursuant to D.C.Code § 1-609.1(b)(1) of the CMPA and expressly require such rule making to be consistent with subchapter VI. This subchapter covers the appellate jurisdiction of OEA and includes § 1-606.3 which provides that "any employee may appeal ... a reduction-in-force (pursuant to subchapter XXV of this chapter)." Because § 1-602.3(b) states that "educational employees shall not be covered by subchapters ... XXV," it follows that UDC has no power under its rule making authority to include them. Despite this, UDC has promulgated a rule which provides that "an employee may file an appeal with OEA if the employee believes that the University has incorrectly applied the RIF rules and regulations." 8 DCMR § 1139.5 (1988). However, we regard this regulation, which could be read as extending the right of appeal to OEA for all employees, as inconsistent with subchapter XXV of the CMPA. It is well settled in this jurisdiction that "a regulation must be consistent with the statute under which it was promulgated." District of Columbia v. Catholic University of America, 397 A.2d 915, 919 (D.C.1979) (citing cases). Therefore, to insure that UDC's regulations are consistent with the CMPA, we must construe that 8 DCMR § 1139.5 (1988) confers the right of appeal to OEA only to noneducational employees. Any other interpretation would be out of harmony with the statute and "a mere nullity." District of Columbia v. Jones, 287 A.2d 816, 818 (D.C.1972) (quoting Dixon v. United States, 381 U.S. 68, 74, 85 S.Ct. 1301, 1305, 14 L.Ed.2d 223 (1965) (quoting Manhattan General Equipment Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 297 U.S. 129, 134, 56 S.Ct. 397, 400, 80 L.Ed. 528 (1936)).

Davis also argues that he had property rights in continued employment in his previous position at UDC, and he was denied the fundamental due process right of a hearing when OEA dismissed his appeal for lack of jurisdiction. As this action was a RIF rather than a termination for cause, "it is by no means obvious that a property interest in continued employment is even implicated here." American Federation of Government Employees v. Office of Personnel Management, 261 U.S.App. D.C. 273, 279, 821 F.2d 761, 767 (1987). Even if, arguendo, some property right is implicated by the RIF action, Davis was not denied due process because, prior to the RIF, he was given notice and opportunity to be heard.⁹ See Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 105 S.Ct. 1487, 84 L.Ed.2d 494 (1985). Moreover, after the RIF, even though OEA did not review his case, he is not without an adequate remedy. Even if this court lacks direct appellate jurisdiction to review the merits of the instant case if so petitioned,¹⁰ appellant may invoke the general equitable jurisdiction of the Superior Court so that he would be afforded a right to a hearing. See Kennedy, supra note 10, 516 A.2d at 180; Barry v. Wilson, supra note 10, 448 A.2d at 246; Kegley, supra, 440 A.2d at 1018; Money v. Cullinane, 392 A.2d 998 (D.C.1978); Wells v. District of Columbia Board of Education, 386 A.2d 703, 704 (...