Deffenbaugh Industries, Inc. v. N.L.R.B.
| Citation | 122 F.3d 582 |
| Decision Date | 11 August 1997 |
| Docket Number | 96-4160,No. 554,Nos. 96-3927,AFL-CI,I,554,s. 96-3927 |
| Parties | 155 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3025, 134 Lab.Cas. P 10,042 DEFFENBAUGH INDUSTRIES, INC., Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent, General Drivers & Helpers Union, LocalAffiliated with International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America,ntervenor on Appeal. DEFFENBAUGH INDUSTRIES, INC., Respondent, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Petitioner, General Drivers & Helpers Union, LocalAffiliated with International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America,ntervenor on Appeal. |
| Court | United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) |
Allan L. Bioff, Kansas City, MO, argued (Brian J. Finucane and James R. Holland, on the brief), for Appellant.
Joan E. Hoyt, National Labor Relations Board, Washington, DC, argued (Peter Winkler, Aileen Armstrong, Linad Sher and Frederick L. Feinstein, on the brief), for Appellee.
Before MURPHY, HEANEY, and MAGILL, Circuit Judges.
The National Labor Relations Board found that Deffenbaugh Industries, Inc. had committed unfair labor practices by refusing to bargain with and furnish relevant information to the General Drivers & Helpers Union, Local No. 554, the collective bargaining representative of some of its employees. After the board issued an order requiring Deffenbaugh to bargain with the union, provide it necessary information, and post a notice to that effect, Deffenbaugh petitioned for review, requesting that the board's order be completely set aside. The board in turn filed a cross-application seeking enforcement of its order. We deny the petition and grant enforcement of the board's order.
Deffenbaugh operates a trash and waste collection and removal business in Omaha, Nebraska. A petition requesting a union representation election was filed with the board by the union in October 1995, and a secret-ballot election was held on November 30, 1995. Of the approximately 134 employees eligible to vote, fifty-eight voted in favor of representation and fifty voted against it, with one void ballot and two challenged ballots that would not have affected the outcome of the election. Deffenbaugh contested the results of the election, charging among other things that it had been influenced by threats of physical harm and the possible arrival of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The board scheduled a representation proceeding at which Deffenbaugh's challenges to the election were considered.
The evidence presented at the proceeding showed that statements had been made to a few Hispanic employees at Deffenbaugh that the union might "bring in" the INS if it lost the election and that rumors about this possibility had circulated among Hispanic employees. There was no evidence that the union made any of the statements or started the rumors, and there was no evidence of any physical threats or vandalism in the pre-election period or that the INS ever visited the company before the election.
One Deffenbaugh employee who worked as a helper, Ignacio Resendiz, testified that the driver of a truck in which he had been riding over a month before the election had told him about the benefits of the union and the possibility that the INS might arrive at the company if the union were to lose the election. Resendiz identified the driver only as "Mike" and said Mike had neither held himself out as a union representative nor said that he spoke for it. Resendiz did not report the statement to Deffenbaugh management or his supervisors and only told one other employee about it.
Other employees reported hearing statements from unidentified sources about the election. Miguel Villa, who was ineligible to vote, reported that an unidentified "American" employee had told him Hispanics should vote for the union because they would get more benefits and that the INS would be "brought in" if the union lost. 1 Villa also stated that another employee had told him about hearing a similar rumor, but he did not tell anyone else about these statements. Domingo Diaz, who was an eligible voter, was told by an unidentified black driver sometime in October that if the union lost, "there would be the possibility they would bring in the Immigration." Diaz told two or three other employees about this statement.
Several Hispanic employees heard rumors before the election that the INS might be called if the union lost, but they testified that they did not know the source of the rumors. A few employees said that there were many discussions about the rumors among the Hispanic employees and that they participated in some of the discussions. In contrast, Diaz testified that the discussions about the rumors were not frequent, and both he and Villa said that they did not participate in them.
There was also conflicting evidence over the reaction of the Hispanic employees to the rumors. Some employees reported that a few Hispanic employees appeared concerned, and Villa said he heard that two Hispanic employees might change their votes because of the rumors. Others testified that the rumors did not concern them and that they and others did not have problems with "Immigration." Resendiz said the rumor he had heard was that Villa and his family would be turned in to the INS if the union lost, but that the rumor did not concern him. No employee asked the union about the rumors or statements, and the evidence indicated the union was not aware of them. There also was no approach to Deffenbaugh management or supervisors about the rumors and statements before the election.
The hearing officer found that there had not been a coercive or intimidating atmosphere which interfered with the employees' free choice. She found that there were no incidents of vandalism or threats of physical violence before the election and that the statements and rumors were not made by union representatives or agents and therefore should be examined under the third party standard in Westwood Horizons Hotel, 270 N.L.R.B. 802 (1984). She determined that the statement made to Resendiz was only the repetition of hearsay and speculation and that the other anonymous statements and rumors were disseminated without accreditation to any individual or the union and that this characteristic made them less coercive. She found that they "[did] not create an atmosphere of fear and coercion among the employees" and recommended that the union be certified.
The board adopted the hearing officer's findings and recommendations because the statements had not been made close in time to the election or widely disseminated or rejuvenated before the election and the seriousness of the threats and rumors was less than in cases setting aside elections. The board certified the union, but Deffenbaugh refused to bargain with it or to provide it requested information for collective bargaining.
The board's general counsel then issued an unfair labor practice complaint, alleging that Deffenbaugh's refusal to bargain or to provide requested relevant bargaining information violated sections 8(a)(1) and (a)(5) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 158(a)(1) and (a)(5). Deffenbaugh admitted the factual allegations, but asserted that it had not violated the Act because the union's certification was not valid. 2 The general counsel moved for summary judgment, and the board granted it, finding that Deffenbaugh had raised no new evidence or special circumstances requiring reexamination of the certification and that all of the certification issues had been or could have been litigated in the representation proceeding on the election. The board issued an order directing Deffenbaugh to cease refusing to bargain with the union, to furnish necessary and relevant information, to bargain upon request, and to post a remedial notice.
Deffenbaugh now petitions this court to set aside the board's unfair labor practice decision and order. Deffenbaugh does not contest the factual findings of the board, including those related to credibility, or argue that the remedy the board ordered was outside its discretion, but contends that the union should not have been certified because third party threats interfered with the election so that the result does not reflect the employees' free choice. It asserts that this situation fits the factors in Westwood for setting aside a representation election and is similar to the misconduct in Crown Coach Corp., 284 N.L.R.B. 1010 (1987). Deffenbaugh claims the threats here were serious, widely disseminated, and rejuvenated near election day. These facts, together with the closeness of the election, should lead the court to set aside the board's decision and order and direct the board on remand to conduct a new election.
The board responds that it found on the evidence that there was no atmosphere of fear or intimidation and no reason to set aside the election and that these findings are supported by substantial evidence. The intervening union argues it would be unfair to hold it responsible for unaccredited and anonymous statements and rumors; such testimony should not be credited simply because it was unrebutted since it is impossible to rebut statements from anonymous individuals. The union asserts there is substantial evidence in the record supporting the board's findings that only third parties were involved and that the union was unaware of the statements and rumors.
There is a strong presumption that an election conducted by the board reflects the employees' true desires regarding representation. NLRB v. Hood Furniture Mfg. Co., 941 F.2d 325, 328 (5th Cir.1991) (citations omitted). "Representation elections are not to be set aside...
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