Delgado v. Superior Court

• Decision Date: 31 October 1977
• Citation: 74 Cal.App.3d 560,141 Cal.Rptr. 528
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: Robert DELGADO et al., Petitioners, v. SUPERIOR COURT of the State of California FOR the COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO, Respondent; COUNTY OF YOLO, Real Party in Interest. Civ. 16920.

Page 528

141 Cal.Rptr. 528

74 Cal.App.3d 560

Robert DELGADO et al., Petitioners, v. SUPERIOR COURT of the State of California FOR the COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO, Respondent;

COUNTY OF YOLO, Real Party in Interest.

Civ. 16920.

Court of Appeal, Third District, California.

Oct. 31, 1977.

Wallace J. Smith by Richard M. Brewer, Sacramento, for petitioners.

No appearance for respondent.

Memering, Stumbos, DeMers, Ford & Norris by Stephen A. Mason and John P. Coleman, Sacramento, for real party in interest.

PARAS, Associate Justice.

Petitioners seek a writ of mandate after the Sacramento Superior Court ordered this action transferred to Yolo County for trial.

On or about December 28, 1976, on Highway 16 in Yolo County, Robert and Mary Delgado's 1972 Chevrolet collided with a Yolo County Sheriff's car occupied by sheriff's officers Louis Delgatto and Dennis Oliver. Mary was killed and Robert suffered serious injuries. On April 22, 1977, Robert, Mary's three minor children, and Mary's other heirs filed this action in Sacramento County for property damage, personal injuries and wrongful death against the seller of the Chevrolet (they bought it used in 1974 from a Sacramento dealership, Lew Williams Chevrolet Center), the manufacturer, General Motors Corporation and the County of Yolo.

On May 11, 1977, prior to any responsive pleadings, Yolo County filed a notice of motion to transfer venue to Yolo County under Code of Civil Procedure section 394. A hearing was set for June 2, 1977. Petitioners filed written opposition to the motion on May 25, 1977. The next day, May 26, 1977, seven days before the June 2, 1977 hearing, Yolo County served by mail and filed a supplemental memorandum of points and authorities and declaration, for the first time seeking a change of venue based upon convenience of witnesses and promotion of the ends of justice under Code of Civil Procedure section 397, subdivision 3. Petitioners filed and personally served their opposition thereto on June 1, 1977.

On June 2, 1977, without stating whether its action was based upon section 394 or section 397, subdivision 3, the Sacramento Superior Court ordered the case transferred to Yolo County.

I

Petitioners correctly argue that the order cannot be upheld as an exercise of the court's power to transfer for the convenience of witnesses under Code of Civil Procedure section 397, subdivision 3, because no answer was filed (see Pearson v. Superior Court (1962) 199 Cal.App.2d 69, 75 18 Cal.Rptr. 578), and because inadequate notice was given (see Code Civ. Proc., §§ 1005 (10 days) and 1013 (5 additional days for mail service)). Yolo County makes no attempt to argue otherwise. Accordingly, the order transferring the case must be justified, if at all, by Code of Civil Procedure section 394.

II

Section 394 provides in pertinent part as follows: ". . . any action or proceeding against the . . . county . . . for injury occurring within the . . . county . . . caused by the . . . alleged negligence of such . . . county . . . or its agents or employees, shall be tried in such county . . .." (Emphasis added.) Although couched in mandatory language, the statute is not jurisdictional, and may be waived by failure to move for change of venue within a reasonable time. (Newman v. County of Sonoma (1961) 56 Cal.2d 625, 627-628, 15 Cal.Rptr. 914, 364 P.2d 850.) Nevertheless, where the county is the sole defendant, the section requires the court to transfer the case to that county upon timely application. (See Channell v. Superior Court (1964) 226 Cal.App.2d 246, 253, 38 Cal.Rptr. 13.)

In the present case, however, Yolo County is not the only defendant. Defendant Lew Williams Chevrolet Center has its principal place of business in Sacramento County. ¹ This is the equivalent of "residence" for venue purposes. (Hale v. Bohannon (1952) 38 Cal.2d 458, 473, 241 P.2d 4.) And Code of Civil Procedure section 395 provides that venue is proper in the "county in which the defendants or some of them reside . . .." If Lew Williams Chevrolet Center were the sole defendant, venue would be proper in Sacramento County.

Thus this is one of those troublesome "mixed venue" cases, in which two inconsistent venue provisions appear to be concurrently applicable to the same case. (See Van Alstyne, Venue of Mixed Actions in California (1956) 44 Cal.L.Rev. 685.) Thirteen years ago, prior to the 1970 amendment to Code of Civil Procedure section 395, we were presented with identical facts and held that venue should remain in Sacramento County despite the invocation of section 394 by Placer County. (Channell v. Superior Court, supra.)

At the time of the Channell decision, Code of Civil Procedure section 395 commenced with the following introductory sentence: "In all other cases, except as in this section otherwise provided, . . . the county in which defendants, or some of them, reside at the commencement of the action, is the proper county for the trial of the action." (Emphasis added.)

In 1970, the first clause was amended, so that the sentence now reads: "Except as otherwise provided by law . . . the county in which the defendants or some of them reside at the commencement of the action is the proper county for the...