Department of Transp. v. Dyl

• Decision Date: 26 June 1989
• Docket Number: Docket No. 105144
• Citation: Department of Transp. v. Dyl, 441 N.W.2d 18, 177 Mich.App. 33 (Mich. App. 1989)
• Parties: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Thomas A. DYL and Kaye M. Dyl, Defendants-Appellees. 177 Mich.App. 33, 441 N.W.2d 18
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan

Page 18

441 N.W.2d 18

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Thomas A. DYL and Kaye M. Dyl, Defendants-Appellees.

Docket No. 105144.

177 Mich.App. 33, 441 N.W.2d 18

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted March 23, 1989.

Decided May 2, 1989.

Released for Publication June 26, 1989.

[177 MICHAPP 34] Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Louis J. Caruso, Sol. Gen., Robert D. Randall, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., and Ronald F. Rose, Asst. Atty. Gen., for plaintiff-appellant.

Ackerman & Ackerman, P.C. by Alan T. Ackerman, Detroit, for defendants-appellees.

Before BEASLEY, P.J., and J.H. GILLIS and BRENNAN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff appeals as of right from the circuit court's order granting defendants' motion for attorney fees pursuant to M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and $4,110 pursuant to MCR 2.405. We affirm.

Plaintiff initially offered defendants $20,000 for the property it condemned. M.C.L. Sec. 213.55(1); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(5)(1). Subsequently, defendants made an offer to stipulate to entry of judgment in the amount of $22,000. Plaintiff rejected defendants' offer to stipulate[177 MICHAPP 35] to entry of judgment and made a counteroffer to stipulate to entry of judgment in the amount of $16,500. Defendants rejected the counteroffer. After a jury trial, defendants were awarded $35,000.

Subsequently, defendants moved for attorney fees pursuant to M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and MCR 2.405. M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) provides:

If the amount finally determined to be just compensation for the property acquired exceeds the amount of the written offer as defined in section 5, the court shall order reimbursement in whole or in part to the owner by the agency of the owner's reasonable attorney's fees, but not in excess of 1/3 of the amount by which the ultimate award exceeds the agency's written offer as defined by section 5. The reasonableness of the owner's attorney's fees shall be determined by the court.

Before this section was enacted, only nominal attorney fees were available. Transportation Dep't v. DiMatteo, 136 Mich.App. 15, 17, 355 N.W.2d 622 (1984), lv. den. 421 Mich. 857 (1985). Hence, the property owner challenging an initial condemnation offer was left without his property and substantially less than just compensation because he had to pay most of his attorney fees. Id. 136 Mich.App. at 17-18, 355 N.W.2d 622. Thus, M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) was enacted to assure the landowner would receive the amount awarded as just compensation for his property. Id. at 18, 355 N.W.2d 622. The present statute also acts as a performance incentive for attorneys because the fee awarded is proportional to the result achieved. Id. at 17, 355 N.W.2d 622. Under this statute, defendants claim that they are entitled to one-third of all amounts recovered in excess of $16,500 provided that their attorney's fee remains reasonable.

[177 MICHAPP 36] MCR 2.405(D) provides:

(1) If the adjusted verdict is more favorable to the offeror than the average offer, the offeree must pay to the offeror the offeror's actual costs incurred in the prosecution or defense of the action.

* * * * * *

(3) The court shall determine the actual costs incurred. The court may in the interest of justice, refuse to award an attorney fee under this rule.

* * * * * *

(5) Proceedings under this rule do not affect a contract or relationship between a party and his or her attorney.

An adjusted verdict is the verdict plus interest and costs from the filing of the complaint through the date of the offer. MCR 2.405(A)(5). The verdict is the amount awarded by the jury, excluding costs and interest. MCR 2.405(A)(4). An average offer is the sum of the offer and counteroffer divided by two. MCR 2.405(A)(3). Actual costs are costs and fees taxable in a civil action and a reasonable attorney fee for services necessitated by the failure to stipulate to the entry of judgment. MCR 2.405(A)(6). The purpose of MCR 2.405 is to encourage settlements and avoid protracted litigation. Sanders v. Monical Machinery Co., 163 Mich.App. 689, 691-692, 415 N.W.2d 276 (1987). Under this statute, defendants claimed that they were entitled to $5,670 (i.e., twenty-one hours of attorney's work from the time the offer to stipulate to entry of judgment was made multiplied by an hourly fee of $270).

Plaintiff objected to defendants' request, claiming that M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) controlled the award of attorney fees in condemnation cases and that defendants had offered no evidence that their attorney fees were reasonable.

[177 MICHAPP 37] Defendants' attorney then submitted an affidavit stating that he received $270 per hour when paid by the government. Defendants' attorney also attached a sheet, showing that he had spent 27.4 hours on defendants' case since the offer to stipulate to judgment had been rejected. Defendants' attorney further attached a fee agreement showing that defendants had agreed to pay him one-third of the difference between the first written offer and the final award. The agreement noted that any amount awarded pursuant to M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) would be credited against the fee owed.

Plaintiff then filed a supplemental brief, arguing that M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) controlled. Plaintiff further argued that defendants did not incur any actual costs in proceeding to trial because their obligation to pay attorney fees was limited by their fee agreement with counsel. Plaintiff claimed that allowing defendants to recover fees under both M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and MCR 2.405 would be double dipping.

At the hearing on defendants' motion the trial court ruled that defendants were entitled to attorney fees under both M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and MCR 2.405. The court found that to hold otherwise would not serve the court rule's purpose of discouraging litigation. The court then found that a fee of $150 per hour was reasonable.

Eventually, the court entered an order awarding defendants an attorney fee of one-third of the difference between the ultimate award and the original written offer pursuant to M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and an attorney fee of $4,110 pursuant to MCR 2.405.

On appeal, plaintiff again claims that M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) provides the exclusive basis for awarding attorney fees in condemnation [177 MICHAPP 38] actions. Plaintiff notes that M.C.L. Sec. 213.52(1); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(2)(1) provides in part:

All laws and court rules applicable to civil actions shall apply to condemnation proceedings except as otherwise provided in this act.

Defendants rely on the same portion of M.C.L. Sec. 213.52(1); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(2)(1) and claim that both M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3) and MCR 2.405 should apply because MCR 2.405 was enacted to further the goal of encouraging settlements rather than ensuring just compensation for the landowner, the purpose of M.C.L. Sec. 213.66(3); M.S.A. Sec. 8.265(16)(3). Defendants note that the court rule was substantially revised after the statute was enacted.

In Kondratek v. Auto Club Ins. Ass'n, 163 Mich.App. 634, 414 N.W.2d 903 (1987), the plaintiff was awarded attorney fees pursuant to M.C.L. Sec. 500.3148; M.S.A. Sec. 24.13148 because her insurer unreasonably refused to pay her claim as well as attorney fees pursuant to MCR 2.403(O) because the defendant rejected mediation. This Court held that the statute was intended to assure prompt payment to the injured party and, therefore, to penalize an insurer who unreasonably refused to make payments. This Court also held that the purpose of the court rule was to place the burden of litigation costs on the party who insisted on trial by rejecting a proposed mediation award. This Court then held the recovery of fees under the statute and the court rule was appropriate because each served an independent purpose.

Given our previous discussion of the purposes of the statute and the court rule, we agree with the trial court that the imposition of attorney fees under both is appropriate;...