Dias v. Sky Chefs, Inc., 89-35778

• Decision Date: 29 October 1991
• Docket Number: No. 89-35778,89-35778
• Citation: 948 F.2d 532
• Parties: 57 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. (BNA) 289, 57 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 41,061, 60 USLW 2327 Connie DIAS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SKY CHEFS, INC., Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 532

948 F.2d 532

57 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. (BNA) 289,

57 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 41,061, 60 USLW 2327

Connie DIAS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SKY CHEFS, INC., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 89-35778.

United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.

Oct. 29, 1991.

Walter V. Siebert, Sherman & Howard, Denver, Colo., for defendant-appellant.

Richard C. Busse, Portland, Or., for plaintiff-appellee.

On remand from the United States Supreme Court.

Before FLETCHER, FERGUSON and FERNANDEZ, Circuit Judges.

FERGUSON, Circuit Judge:

I.

The Supreme Court has remanded this case for reconsideration in light of the Court's subsequent opinion in Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co., --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 2077, 114 L.Ed.2d 660 (1991).

When the case was previously before us, we affirmed a jury verdict on all grounds presented on appeal. The jury found Sky Chefs, a corporation, liable for the actions of its general manager, who sexually harassed women employees and wrongfully discharged a woman employee, Ms. Connie Dias, for resisting that harassment, Dias v. Sky Chefs, Inc., 919 F.2d 1370 (9th Cir.1990). The Supreme Court granted certiorari, vacated our decision, and remanded the case for reconsideration. Sky Chefs, Inc. v. Dias, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 2791, 115 L.Ed.2d 965 (1991).

II.

An issue in this case is Sky Chefs' assertion, relying on Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), that its Fifth Amendment rights were violated by Dias' use of peremptory challenges to strike three males from the jury venire, leaving an all-woman jury. For the reasons set forth in our previous opinion, we rejected that argument and upheld the peremptory challenges. Dias, 919 F.2d at 1377-80.

In Edmonson, the Supreme Court extended the Batson rule and held that a private litigant in a civil case may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors on the basis of their race. The Court found that race-based exclusion violates the equal protection rights of the challenged jurors. 111 S.Ct. at 2080.

In this case, Sky Chefs asserts that Dias used peremptory challenges to remove venirepersons because they were men. The Supreme Court's mandate requires us to consider whether the alleged gender-based exclusion of men falls within the rules announced in Edmonson. However, upon review of the record and reconsideration, we find that we need not decide this issue because Sky Chefs failed to make a timely and proper objection to the jury selection process.

III.

The Supreme Court did not require this court to reconsider any part of its opinion other than the jury selection issue, and we therefore affirm without modification all of the opinion with the exception of Part V. We vacate all of Part V and substitute the following:

Finally, Sky Chefs asserts that its Fifth Amendment rights were violated by the plaintiff's use of peremptory challenges In a different context, the Supreme Court has recently extended Batson to civil cases, holding that racially biased peremptory challenges violate the equal protection rights of excluded jurors. Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co., --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 2077, 114 L.Ed.2d 660 (1991). It also held that a civil litigant may have standing to assert those rights, based on a three-part test: the litigant has suffered a concrete injury, he or she has a close relationship with the jurors, and the excluded jurors are de facto barred from asserting their own rights. Id. 111 S.Ct. at 2087-88. ³

                to strike three males from the jury venire, leaving an all-woman jury. 1  We review this issue of law de novo, United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1201 (9th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824, 105 S.Ct. 101, 83 L.Ed.2d 46 (1984).   Although Sky Chefs relied only on Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), which dealt with race-based challenges in criminal cases, we note that a panel of this court has recently extended the Batson equal protection right to gender-based peremptory challenges.  United States v. De Gross, 913 F.2d 1417, 1421-23 (9th Cir.1990), reh'g en banc granted, 930 F.2d 695 (1991). 2
                

We need not consider here whether Edmonson permits Sky Chefs to assert the rights of the allegedly excluded male jurors, because Sky Chefs' objection to Dias' peremptory challenges was untimely. We have stated that Batson objections must occur as soon as possible, preferably before the jury is sworn. See United States v. Thompson, 827 F.2d 1254, 1257 (9th Cir.1987).

Here, the objection was raised only after the excluded jurors had been dismissed, the jury had been sworn, the court had recessed and reconvened, defendant's motions in limine had been presented and argued, and defendant had noted several other objections. Sky Chefs did not ask the judge to conduct a Batson hearing on the issue of discriminatory intent, but merely stated as follows:

MR. SIEBERT: The other thing is, Your Honor, just for the record we would object to the jury as it has been impaneled. We think there has been a systematic exclusion of males from the jury and that is evidenced by the list that went back and forth ⁴ and we ask that that be preserved for the record and made a part of the record in this action.

The Plaintiff--there were three males that were originally in the jury panel. Only three males. They were all struck by the plaintiff. We think that this is no different than the cases that the courts have ruled on before where blacks have been systematically excluded from jury panels.

This is a female sex harassment case and we are deprived of the benefit of a THE COURT: All right. Just mark that then and it will become an exhibit not to go to the jury.

                proper jury that represents a cross section of society here.   Again, that's for the record, Your Honor
                

The Clerk advises me that it's always made part of the record anyway. It is part of the record.

All right. You may bring the jury back in, please.

Although in Thompson we permitted such an objection because the defendant raised it at the first opportunity and no prejudice was shown, here it could have been raised much earlier and prejudice did result from the delay. For example, the objection could have been raised when Sky Chefs' attorney first saw the list of challenged jurors, when the challenged jurors were asked to move to the back of the room, as soon as the jury was sworn in, or immediately before the judge declared the recess.

Furthermore, Dias would be prejudiced if we entertained Sky Chefs' tardy objection on appeal. Had Sky Chefs objected contemporaneously with the voir dire, the court could have given Dias an opportunity...