Dobbert v. Wainwright
| Citation | 742 F.2d 1274 |
| Decision Date | 06 September 1984 |
| Docket Number | No. 84-3608,84-3608 |
| Parties | Ernest John DOBBERT, Jr., Petitioner-Appellant, v. Louie L. WAINWRIGHT, Secretary, Department of Corrections of the State of Florida, R.L. Dugger, Superintendent of Florida State Prisons, Respondents- Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit |
Patrick D. Doherty, Clearwater, Fla., Steven H. Malone, Rahdert, Malone & Richardson, St. Petersburg, Fla., for petitioner-appellant.
Carolyn M. Snurkowski, Asst. U.S. Atty., Miami, Fla., for respondents-appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
Before VANCE, HENDERSON and CLARK, Circuit Judges.
The motion for further stay beyond 10:00 a.m. E.D.T. on Friday, September 7, 1984 is DENIED. The judgment of the district court, 593 F.Supp. 1418, is AFFIRMED on the basis of the district court's opinion of September 3, 1984.
AFFIRMED.
I would grant a stay of execution to permit a panel to review fully the substantial constitutional questions raised in the appeal. It has been consistently recognized by the Justices of the Supreme Court, as well as the judges of this Circuit, that death is a punishment different in kind from any other. The "qualitative difference of death from all other punishments," therefore, "requires a correspondingly greater degree of scrutiny of the capital sentencing determination." Ramos v. California, 463 U.S. 992, 103 S.Ct. 3446, 3451, 77 L.Ed.2d 1171 (1983). The district court entered its order denying the writ near midnight on Monday, Sept. 3, 1984. Our court started receiving parts of the file on Tuesday morning and had the entire file by that evening. The panel has had less than 48 hours to review a lengthy record and to grapple with some difficult issues.
The district court entered a certificate of probable cause. Barefoot v. Estelle, 880 U.S. 463, 103 S.Ct. 3383, 77 L.Ed.2d 1090 (1983), requires that "[w]hen a certificate of probable cause is issued by the district court, as it was in this case, ... petitioner must then be afforded an opportunity to address the merits, and the court of appeals is obligated to decide the merits of the appeal." 103 S.Ct. at 3394. Additionally, the Court stated that a petitioner is entitled to a stay to permit due consideration of the merits if the court of appeals is unable to resolve the merits of an appeal before the scheduled date of execution. Id. at 3393.
We have heard oral argument at 1:00 p.m. today, Sept. 6, 1984, after advising counsel to argue the case on the merits. Despite the efforts of all, there has not been enough time in which justiciably to decide this case.
Dobbert was convicted of first degree murder pursuant to instructions that defined premeditation and felony murder. In its felony murder instruction, the trial court charged that premeditation was unnecessary for a first degree murder conviction if the killing was committed during the course of "arson, rape, robbery, burglary, abominable and detestable crime against nature or kidnapping." The underlined language was repeated six times in the instructions according to petitioner. The evidence disclosed no arson, rape, robbery, burglary, or kidnapping, but did reveal a pattern of extreme child abuse. The language included in the felony murder jury instruction was declared unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court in Franklin v. State, 257 So.2d 21, 23 (1971), on the grounds that it was void for vagueness. 1 That decision was entered prior to trial of this case and thus was known to trial counsel and the state judge. There was no objection to the instruction at trial or on appeal. In petitioner's first petition of a writ in the state court and our court, this issue was not presented. It has been presented in the second petition to both courts under the claims of plain error, ineffective assistance of trial counsel and of appellate counsel.
The district court has held that it could not consider petitioner's claim because of abuse of the writ and procedural default. The principles of abuse of the writ are being considered by our court sitting en banc next week in the case of Moore v. Zant, 734 F.2d 585 (11th Cir.1984), rehearing en banc granted. The district court denied the claims of ineffective trial and appellate counsel.
I would stay the execution to give a panel of this court an opportunity to study thoroughly the constitutionality of the jury instruction and the abuse of the writ issues. In Stromberg v. U.S., 283 U.S. 359, 51 S.Ct. 532, 75 L.Ed. 1117 (1931), the Supreme Court held that where a jury finds a defendant guilty under a general verdict and the instructions contain an unconstitutional ground for finding defendant guilty, the conviction must be vacated. 2 See also, Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862, 103 S.Ct. 2733, 2745, 77 L.Ed.2d 235 (1983).
With respect to abuse of the writ, I do not find anything in the record to convince me that counsel for the defendant intentionally or inequitably attempted to abuse the habeas corpus remedy. He volunteered pro bono to represent Dobbert after Dobbert's first execution was set. He filed a petition with 13 grounds for relief within several days of undertaking the representation due to the fact that petitioner's execution was imminent. Additionally, I do not feel that the panel has had adequate time to consider whether this claim was subject to procedural default.
An entirely different constitutional issue is raised by petitioner's claim that the verdict of the jury (if it convicted Dobbert of first degree murder on the premeditation theory rather than the felony murder issue) was influenced by tainted or unreliable testimony. "Because of the qualitative difference [of the death penalty], there is a corresponding difference in the need for reliability in the determination that death is the appropriate punishment in a specific case." Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 96 S.Ct. 2978, 49 L.Ed.2d 944 (1976). 3
The critical testimony that may have allowed the jury to find petitioner guilty of first degree murder under the premeditation theory urged by the state for Kelly's killing was the testimony of petitioner's then 13-year old son, Ernest John Dobbert, III. ("John"). John testified that on the night Kelly died, his father had been choking her and that she stopped breathing while the petitioner was choking her. Petitioner claimed that Kelly had become ill and had choked on her own vomit and that he was attempting to save her life by giving her mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when she died. His version of the facts corresponds with John's initial statement made to the police in 1972, very soon after the death of his brother and sister and some two years...
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