Doe v. Turner, Civ. No. 73-57-2.

• Decision Date: 03 August 1973
• Docket Number: Civ. No. 73-57-2.
• Citation: 361 F. Supp. 1288
• Parties: Jane DOE et al., Plaintiffs, v. Richard TURNER, Attorney General of the State of Iowa, and Ray Fenton, County Attorney in and for Polk County, Iowa, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of Iowa

361 F. Supp. 1288

Jane DOE et al., Plaintiffs, v. Richard TURNER, Attorney General of the State of Iowa, and Ray Fenton, County Attorney in and for Polk County, Iowa, Defendants.

Civ. No. 73-57-2.

United States District Court, S. D. Iowa, C. D.

August 3, 1973.

Gordon E. Allen, Iowa Civil Liberties Union, Des Moines, Iowa, for plaintiffs.

Richard E. Haesemeyer, Sol. Gen., George W. Murray, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Ray A. Fenton, Polk County Atty., Des Moines, Iowa, for defendants.

Before LAY, Circuit Judge, and STUART and HANSON, District Judges.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

HANSON, District Judge.

This action comes before this Court upon a Complaint challenging the Iowa abortion law, which Complaint appears to be based upon the recent United States Supreme Court decisions in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 93 S.Ct. 705, 35 L.Ed.2d 147 (1973) and Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179, 93 S.Ct. 739, 35 L.Ed.2d 201 (1973), and the rationale supporting the above decisions. The plaintiffs pray for a declaratory judgment that Chapter 701, Code of Iowa, 1973, is in violation of the rights of the plaintiffs as protected by the Constitution of the United States, and as such, is void and of no effect. The plaintiffs pray also for the Court to enter a permanent injunction restraining the defendants, their officers, agents, servants, and employees from threatening to prosecute, prosecuting or otherwise enforcing the challenged statute.

Jane Doe instituted this action on her own behalf and others similarly situated, alleging her own pregnancy, and her attempt to procure a legal, medically safe abortion within the State of Iowa. She alleges that she has been advised by attending physicians that absent a clear statement as to the viability of Iowa's abortion law in reference to the above cited cases and holdings, that such physicians could not perform such an operation upon them without fear of prosecution by the defendants, and the attendant notoriety that such would produce. Plaintiff Roe, an indigent, alleges basically the same facts, and both plaintiffs allege that they will be forced to travel out of the State of Iowa to obtain the necessary operation in a medically safe atmosphere.

Plaintiff physicians, suing on their own behalf and others similarly situated, allege that the existence and threatened enforcement of the challenged statute, and the attendant vagueness of the status of said statute, has a chilling effect on the exercise of their physician-patient relationship, and precludes them from exercising their sound medical discretion.

The Court finds that the plaintiffs have been adversely affected by the existence and possible enforcement of Chapter 701 of the 1973 Code of Iowa and thus have standing to bring this cause of action. The Court also finds this case presents a justiciable case or controversy. Roe v. Wade, supra; Doe v. Bolton, supra.

The Court also deems this to be an appropriate class action under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Jurisdiction of the Court is invoked pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C., Sections 1331, 1343, 2201, 2202, 2281 and 2284 and Title 42 U.S.C., Section 1983.

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

The Complaint appears to present similar issues to those considered by the United States Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade, supra. The plaintiffs claim that the challenged statute improperly invades a right alleged to be possessed by a pregnant woman, to choose to terminate her own pregnancy. This argument is couched in terms of due process, equal protection, and the right to privacy. Justice Blackmun thoroughly discussed these issues in Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton and established the holdings in these cases on the right to privacy in a physician-patient relationship and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Because of the similarities in the Texas statute which was held unconstitutional in Roe v. Wade and the challenged Iowa statute and because of the similarity in the constitutional attack lodged against the Iowa statute, it is incumbent upon this Court to determine if there is any basis upon which this Court could reach a different result than that reached by the United States Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade.

Article 1191 of the Texas statute provided:

"If any person shall designedly administer to a pregnant woman or knowingly procure to be administered with her consent any drug or medicine, or shall use towards her any violence or means whatever externally or internally applied, and thereby procure an abortion, he shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than two nor more than five years; . . ."

Article 1196 of the Texas statutes provides one exception to the general prohibition against the performance of abortions:

"Nothing in this chapter applies to an abortion procured or attempted by medical advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother."

Chapter 701.1 of the Code of Iowa, 1973 provides:

"Administration of drugs—use of instruments. If any person, with intent to produce the miscarriage of any woman, willfully administer to her any drug or substance whatever, or, with such intent, use any instrument or other means whatever, unless such miscarriage shall be necessary to save her life, he shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary for a term not exceeding five years, and be fined in a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars."

Although the language in these two statutes is different in some respects, the substance of the statutes is identical. Both statutes proscribe the use of any drugs, instruments or other means to produce an abortion or miscarriage. Both statutes contain identical exceptions to this prohibition, to-wit: to save the life of the mother.

Roe v. Wade sets out how a state may restrict the performance of an abortion:

"1. A state criminal abortion statute of the current Texas type, that excepts from criminality only a life saving procedure on behalf of the mother, without regard to pregnancy stage and without recognition of the other interests involved, is violative of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

(a) For the stage prior to approximately the end of the first trimester, the abortion decision and its effectuation must be left to the medical judgment of the pregnant woman's attending physician.

(b) For the stage subsequent to approximately the end of the first trimester, the State, in promoting its interest in the health of the mother, may, if it chooses, regulate the abortion procedure in ways that are reasonably related to maternal health.

(c) For the stage subsequent to viability the State, in promoting its interest in the potentiality of human life, may, if it chooses, regulate, and even proscribe, abortion except where it is necessary, in appropriate medical judgment, for the preservation of the life or health of the mother.

2. The State may define the term `physician,' as it has been employed in the preceding numbered paragraphs of this Part XI of this opinion, to mean only a physician currently licensed by the State, and may proscribe any abortion by a person who is not a physician as so defined."

The Iowa statute on its face is identical in substance to the Texas statute struck down by the United States Supreme Court and it would appear that this Court is compelled to reach the same conclusion, that Chapter 701 of the Iowa Code, 1973 is unconstitutional and as a unit must fall.

The defendants attempt to avoid this result by arguing that Iowa's law is severable and that the Iowa courts would by judicial interpretation broaden the single exception to Iowa's law, that abortions may be performed when necessary to save the mother's life. The defendants allege that the above exception under the broadened interpretation would also allow abortions to be performed to preserve the mother's health. As support for their position the defendants cite Burlingame v. Burlingame, 260 Iowa 18, 148 N.W.2d 493 (1967). In this case the Iowa Supreme Court was...