Dorsey v. Kelly

• Citation: 112 F.3d 50
• Decision Date: 09 April 1997
• Docket Number: D,No. 843,843
• Parties: Ronald DORSEY, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Walter KELLY, Superintendent, Attica Correctional Facility Respondent-Appellee. ocket 96-2490.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit)

Page 50

112 F.3d 50

Ronald DORSEY, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Walter KELLY, Superintendent, Attica Correctional Facility Respondent-Appellee.

No. 843, Docket 96-2490.

United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.

Argued Feb. 11, 1997.

Decided April 9, 1997.

David A. Lewis, The Legal Aid Society Federal Defender Division Appeals Bureau, New York City, for Petitioner-Appellant.

Eleanor J. Ostrow, Assistant District Attorney, New York County, NY (Robert M. Morgenthau, District Attorney; Mark Dwyer, Assistant District Attorney), for Respondent-Appellee.

Before: McLAUGHLIN, CALABRESI, and LAY, Circuit Judges. ^*

CALABRESI, Circuit Judge:

Ronald Dorsey appeals from an order of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Louis L. Stanton, Judge ), dated May 17, 1996, dismissing without prejudice, for failure to exhaust his state remedies, his petition for a writ of habeas corpus brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. On appeal, Dorsey argues that he fairly called the state courts' attention to the nature and basis of his claim that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, and therefore that he exhausted his ineffective assistance claim. We agree, and for this reason, we vacate and remand this case for consideration of the merits of his petition.

I. BACKGROUND

In February 1988, Dorsey was convicted after a jury trial of two counts each of first-degree sodomy in violation of N.Y. Penal Law § 130.50 and second-degree sodomy in violation of N.Y. Penal Law § 130.45 for forcibly sodomizing a thirteen-year old boy. At trial, the boy, whom Dorsey was alleged to have sodomized twice in two days, identified Dorsey as the man who assaulted him and described the assault. A doctor who examined the boy after the incident testified that the boy had a bruise near his anal opening consistent with anal intercourse, but did not have lacerations or tears in the lining of the anal canal. In addition, a police detective testified that the boy's underwear was stained with semen. The allegation that this semen could not have been the defendant's (or at least not exclusively the defendant's) is at the core of this case. Dorsey was sentenced to concurrent prison terms of eight and one-third to twenty-five years on the first-degree sodomy counts, and two and one-third years to seven years on the second-degree sodomy counts.

At sentencing, Dorsey moved pro se to set aside the verdict, arguing inter alia, that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. This motion was denied. Represented by new counsel, Dorsey then appealed. In addition to a brief by his new counsel, which argued that the evidence relating to the semen stain on the victim's underpants should have been excluded as irrelevant, Dorsey filed two pro se briefs in the Appellate Division, the first labeled "Supplimental Brief," and the second labeled "Brief in Traverse," in which he made various claims including that his trial counsel had provided ineffective assistance. The Appellate Division nevertheless affirmed Dorsey's conviction. People v. Dorsey, 166 A.D.2d 180, 560 N.Y.S.2d 296, 297 (1st Dept 1990).

Both through his attorney and pro se, Dorsey sought leave to appeal to the New York Court of Appeals. Leave to appeal was denied twice, once on December 4, 1990, People v. Dorsey, 76 N.Y.2d 1020, 565 N.Y.S.2d 770, 566 N.E.2d 1175 (1990), and a second time after reconsideration, on February 27, 1991. People v. Dorsey, 77 N.Y.2d 877, 568 N.Y.S.2d 920, 571 N.E.2d 90 (1991). After the second denial, Dorsey filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The district court denied Dorsey's petition on December 10, 1992. Dorsey v. Kelley, No. 92 Civ. 8943, 1996 WL 264743 (S.D.N.Y. May 20, 1996).

On appeal from the denial of that pro se petition, this court stated that although tests of the semen stain on the boy's underwear appeared to be inconclusive, the jury never heard testimony indicating the uncertain results of those tests. See Dorsey v. Irvin, 56 F.3d 425, 426 (2d Cir.1995). We noted that despite the inconclusive tests, the prosecutor had pointed to the underwear in his summation and had emphasized that the semen stain was evidence corroborating the charges. Id. Because of this, we vacated the denial of the habeas petition and remanded to allow Dorsey to amend the petition to include claims regarding the tests performed on the underwear. Id. at 426-27

Dorsey filed an amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the district court claiming, inter alia, that he had received ineffective assistance of trial counsel with respect to the semen stains. In support of this claim, Dorsey argued that defense counsel had failed to introduce the results of forensic tests (performed by a police department chemist before trial and contained in two reports) showing that the semen found on the complainant's underpants contained a substance, the "A antigen," that, although present in the body fluids of the complainant, was not present in Dorsey's body fluids. Before the district court ruled on his petition, Dorsey withdrew all his other claims.

Without addressing the merits of his ineffective assistance claim, the district court dismissed Dorsey's petition without prejudice on the ground that Dorsey's various filings in the state courts had not exhausted his state remedies. Specifically, the court found that, while Dorsey had claimed ineffective assistance of counsel in the state courts, he had failed to present adequately the factual basis for that claim as he now argues it in his federal habeas petition. He had not, the district court said, pointed to "the fact which gives significance to the laboratory results, namely, that the tests showed an antigen in the semen that could not have come from Dorsey, and therefore to his counsel's failure to use them." The district court thereafter issued a certificate of probable cause or appealability, dated July 8, 1996.

II. DISCUSSION

We review a district court's denial of the writ of habeas corpus de novo. Chalmers v. Mitchell, 73 F.3d 1262, 1266 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 117 S.Ct. 106, 136 L.Ed.2d 60 (1996).

It is beyond argument "that a state prisoner must normally exhaust available state judicial remedies before a federal court will entertain his petition for habeas corpus." Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 275, 92 S.Ct. 509, 512, 30 L.Ed.2d 438 (1971). This requirement is a matter of federal-state comity and is codified in 28 U.S.C. §§ 2254(b) and (c). To satisfy the exhaustion requirement with respect to a claim, a defendant must "fairly present[ ]" that claim to the state courts so that the court has "a fair opportunity to consider the ... claim and to correct that asserted constitutional defect in respondent's conviction." Picard, 404 U.S. at 275, 276, 92 S.Ct. at 512, 513. A petitioner has "fairly presented" his claim only if he has "informed the state court of both the factual and the legal premises of the claim he asserts in federal court." Daye v. Attorney General of New York, 696 F.2d 186, 191 (2d Cir.1982) (en banc). To have done so, the petitioner "must have set forth in state court all of the essential factual allegations asserted in his federal petition; if material factual allegations were omitted, the state court has not had a fair opportunity to rule on the claim." Id.

A petitioner may satisfy the exhaustion requirement by presenting his federal claim in a pro se supplemental brief, even if he has an attorney. See Reid v. Senkowski, 961 F.2d 374, 376 (2d Cir.1992). Moreover, pro se pleadings are held to a less stringent standard than briefs by counsel, and are read generously, "however inartfully pleaded." Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520, 92 S.Ct. 594, 596, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972) (per curiam); see also Branham v. Meachum, 77 F.3d 626, 628-29 (2d Cir.1996).

The question we consider is whether Dorsey's supplemental briefs to the Appellate Division ¹ "fairly presented" the claim he made to the federal district court, namely, that he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel because his counsel failed to introduce the results of the scientific tests on the semen in the complainant's underpants that suggested that the semen could not have come exclusively from Dorsey, but could have come exclusively from the complainant. It is indisputable that Dorsey, in his briefs to the Appellate Division, raised the legal claim that he had not received effective assistance of trial counsel, and identified this as a federal constitutional claim. What is uncertain is whether he adequately articulated the same factual basis for this legal claim that he now asserts in his federal habeas petition.

Reading his pro se pleadings generously,...