Dow v. Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation

• Decision Date: 22 January 1948
• Docket Number: No. 9411.,9411.
• Citation: 165 F.2d 777
• Parties: DOW v. CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

165 F.2d 777 (1948)

DOW v.CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION.

No. 9411.

Circuit Court of Appeals. Third Circuit.

Argued November 7, 1947.

Decided January 22, 1948.

Hymen Schlesinger, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellant.

Ira Hill, of Pittsburgh, Pa.(Reed, Smith, Shaw & McClay, of Pittsburgh, Pa., on the brief), for appellee.

Before BIGGS, GOODRICH, and MCLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judges.

BIGGS, Circuit Judge.

The suit at bar is one brought under the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C.A. § 688, by the administratrix of Paul Dow, a seaman employed by the defendant, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, for damages resulting from his death from menigococcic meningitis.The complaint alleges that the defendant failed to furnish Dow with proper medical treatment and that by reason of this failure he died.The trial court permitted the case to go to the jury which rendered a verdict in favor of the defendant.Judgment was entered for the defendant and, after a motion for a new trial was denied, the plaintiff appealed.

The evidence from which the jury could have found the defendant to be guilty of the negligence charged was slight, albeit probably sufficient¹ to go to the jury.The defendant does not contend otherwise here.The triers of fact would have been justified in finding the defendant not guilty of negligence.We would be of the opinion that the judgment should stand were it not for certain factors which arose from the nature of some of the testimony presented.The trial court permitted evidence respecting certain marital difficulties which arose between plaintiff and her husband.

The defendant called the plaintiff as for cross-examination and questioned her as to the amount of contributions which the decedent had made to her and to their child.The plaintiff also was asked whether she and her husband were living together at and prior to the time of Dow's death.From her answers it appeared that she had obtained a legal separation from her husband, a divorce from bed and board in 1942; that at this time her husband had filed a suit for absolute divorce against her which was refused him.It appeared further that she had separated from her husband in March, 1941, when her divorce action was filed; that she and her husband remained separated until May, 1944, about seven months prior to Dow's death.The plaintiff then returned to her husband's home with their child and lived with him; that she had been awarded $90 a month and the child $36 a month by support orders, but that after her return she and her husband had "shared everything".Under the law of Pennsylvania a support order in favor of a wife is no longer effective after a reconciliation has taken place and the wife has returned to her husband.See the language of the Act of May2, 1929, 23 P.S.Pa. § 47, which provides that the "* * * allowance of support shall continue until a reconciliation shall take place * * *".It is clear also that as a practical matter a support order in favor of a child living apart from its father is no longer effective after the child has returned to its father's house.All of the testimony referred to in this paragraph was received over the vehement objections of plaintiff's counsel.

We are concerned with two questions which may be phrased as follows: (1) Was this evidence, or any of it, admissible?; and (2) If it was inadmissible, did the receipt of it by the jury substantially prejudice the plaintiff's case?SeeRule 61 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U. S.C.A.followingsection 723c.

As to (1), the Jones Act provides that the personal representative of a seaman may maintain an action for damages at law with trial by jury "* * * and in such action all statutes of the United States conferring or regulating the right of action for death in the case of railway employees shall be applicable."Section 1 of the Federal Employers' Liability Act, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51, states that a common carrier by railroad "* * * shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow * * * and children of such employee * * *".In proceedings brought under the Federal Employers' Liability Act the rights and obligations of the parties depend on the Act and the applicable principles of common law.New Orleans & N. E. R. Co. v. Harris, 247 U.S. 367, 38 S.Ct. 535, 62 L.Ed. 1167.It follows, therefore, that the measure of damages is as indicated by the Act and by the federal law.

An examination of the authorities shows that the measure of damages in a suit brought by a widow under the Federal Employers' Liability Act is the same as that applicable in a Lord Campbell's Act² suit.The historical reason for the application of this measure of damages doubtless lies in the use of the word "benefit" in both acts.The "benefit" is the amount which the jury finds the dead man would have given to his wife and other dependents had he lived.A number of pertinent authorities are collected in the annotations following Belzoni Hardwood Lumber Co. v. Langford, 127 Miss. 234, 89 So. 919, 18 A. L.R. 1406, 1407, 1409, et seq., and in the note to Lytle v. Southern Railway Co., 171 S.C. 221, 171 S.E. 425, 90 A.L.R. 915, 920 et seq.See also the citation of authorities in notes 895-897 and 899, 900 to 45 U.S.C.A. § 51.It would prolong this opinion to an unnecessary and unhelpful length to discuss many of the cases.A few examples will illustrate the point at issue.

It was held in Fogarty v. Northern Pac. R. Co., 85 Wash. 90, 147 P. 652, L.R.A.1916C, 803, that abandonment by a man of his family will not defeat a recovery by them for his death under the Federal Employers' Liability Act.In Holland v. Closs, Tex. Civ.App., 146 S.W. 671, the court ruled that evidence of abandonment could be considered by the jury in determining the amount of pecuniary loss to the dead man's wife and child who had brought suit under the Act.An almost similar ruling was made in Gilliam v. Southern R. Co., 108 S. C. 195, 93 S.E. 865.In Dunbar v. Charleston & W. C. R. Co., C. C., 186 F. 175, in a suit under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, evidence that the wife, suing for the death of her husband, was temporarily separated from him was rejected.In Philadelphia & R. R. Co. v. Briscoe, 3 Cir., 279 F. 680, 683, a suit under the Act, this court, in effect, held that an insinuation that the plaintiff was unfaithful to her husband was too remote to affect the amount of money which he would have given to his family and to his children if he had lived.Compare Harrison v. London and N. W. R. Co. 1 Cab & El.(Eng.) 540, in which the husband sought to maintain a Lord Campbell's Act suit for the death of his wife.The court ruled for the defendant holding that a husband who had not spoken to his wife for over eight years did not have a reasonable prospect of pecuniary benefit from her and therefore could not maintain an action for damages for her death.See in...