Dubose v. Harris

• Decision Date: 09 May 1977
• Docket Number: H-75-346.,Civ. No. H-75-303,H-75-345
• Citation: 434 F. Supp. 227
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Connecticut
• Parties: Vernice DUBOSE et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al. Claudia WALTER et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al. Janette LITTLE et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al.

434 F. Supp. 227

Vernice DUBOSE et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al.

Claudia WALTER et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al.

Janette LITTLE et al. v. Patricia Roberts HARRIS et al.

Civ. Nos. H-75-303, H-75-345, H-75-346.

United States District Court, D. Connecticut.

May 9, 1977.

Dennis J. O'Brien, Norman K. Janes, Tolland-Windham Legal Assistance Program, Willimantic, Conn., for plaintiffs in No. H-75-303.

John A. Dziamba, Tolland-Windham Legal Assistance, Willimantic, Conn., James C. Sturdevant, Tolland-Windham Legal Assistance, Rockville, Conn., for plaintiffs in No. H-75-345.

Joan Pilver, Raymond Norko, Neighborhood Legal Services, Hartford, Conn., for plaintiffs in No. H-75-346.

Peter Dorsey, U. S. Atty., New Haven, Conn., Maryann Clifford, Dept. of Justice, Civ. Div., Robert S. Greenspan, Richard C. Livermore, U. S. Dept. of HUD, Washington, D. C., for defendants in all cases.

Rolland Castleman, West Hartford, Conn., Paul Michel, U. S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., for defendants in No. H-75-303.

Guy DeFrances, Meriden, Conn., for defendants in No. H-75-345.

James H. Shulman, Ribicoff & Kotkin, Hartford, Conn., for defendants in No. H-75-346.

RULING ON MOTION FOR CONTEMPT

BLUMENFELD, District Judge.

These three lawsuits, consolidated for trial, concern the refusal of the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") and its Secretary to implement an operating cost subsidy program, enacted as Section 212 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, 12 U.S.C. § 1715z-1(f)(3) and (g). On December 15, 1975, this court entered a preliminary injunction ordering the implementation of the program at three federally subsidized projects. 405 F.Supp. 1277 (D.Conn.1975). Plaintiffs now move for contempt, claiming that HUD is not making operating cost subsidy payments as required by the December 15, 1975 order. Defendants counter that in light of a stay issued on February 10, 1977 by the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, they are in full compliance with the orders of this court.

I.

Resolution of the present motion necessitates a brief review of the procedural history of these actions. The named plaintiffs in each of these consolidated actions are low-income residents of federally subsidized housing projects in Connecticut. While each action involves a different housing project, the cases present the common question of the legality of HUD's refusal to implement the operating cost subsidy program.

1. In October 1975, temporary restraining orders were issued in each of the cases. Defendants were ordered to establish an initial operating expense level at each of the three projects. The orders also restrained defendants from refusing to pay an operating cost subsidy on behalf of tenants of the projects who were paying more than 30% of their adjusted family income for rent.

2. On December 15, 1975, this court issued a preliminary injunction ordering the same relief as the October temporary restraining orders. In addition, it was determined that class action treatment was appropriate in each of the three cases. Class certification was by project:

"The plaintiff classes certified consist of those family units now residing, or who may at some future time reside, at one of the three Section 236 housing projects involved in this lawsuit who pay or will pay more than 30% of their `adjusted family income' for rent as of the effective dates of the rent increases challenged here."

405 F.Supp. at 1280.

The injunction required the payment of operating cost subsidies coterminous with the effective date of rent increases at the three projects: October 1, 1975 for the project involved in Dubose, November 1, 1975 for the projects involved in Walter and Little.

Defendants did not appeal this December 15, 1975 preliminary injunction.

3. In the months following the December 15 preliminary injunction, six more suits were filed in this district. In each case, preliminary injunctions were issued.

4. On May 27, 1976, this court ruled upon plaintiffs' motion to amend class certification. Plaintiffs sought to expand the individual classes certified by project into a statewide class. "In view of the Secretary's continued refusal to implement the operating cost subsidy program for all Section 236 projects, and the multiplicity of litigation on this issue now developing in the District of Connecticut, the motion to recertify the class was granted." May 27, 1976 Ruling, at 3. The recertified class is

"comprised of all persons who now reside, or may at some future time reside, at one of the 101 housing projects in Connecticut eligible to receive an interest subsidy under Section 236 at which there has been a rent increase and who pay or will pay more than 30% of their `adjusted family income' for rent as of the date the basic monthly rent was determined for each project."

May 27, 1976 Ruling at 5 (footnote omitted).

Recognizing that the "same relief was necessary to enforce the existing preliminary injunction with respect to the remaining Section 236 projects," HUD was enjoined from refusing to pay subsidies "to each project owner, now part of the certified class commencing with the rental payments due June 1, 1976, or the effective date of the rent increases, whichever is later." May 27, 1976 Ruling at 6 (footnote omitted).

5. This May 27, 1976 ruling was appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

6. On June 28, 1976, this court denied defendants a stay pending appeal.

7. On July 20, 1976, the Second Circuit denied defendants a stay pending appeal.

8. On September 27, 1976, this court denied defendants' motion to dissolve the May 27, 1976 preliminary injunction.

9. Defendants appealed the September 27, 1976 ruling, and that appeal has been consolidated with the appeal from the May 27, 1976 ruling.

10. On October 18, 1976, the Supreme Court issued a stay in Underwood v. Harris, 429 U.S. 892, 97 S.Ct. 250, 50 L.Ed.2d 175 (1976), staying 414 F.Supp. 526 (D.D.C. 1976), appeal pending Nos. 76-1603, 76-1650, a national class action challenge to HUD's failure to implement the operating cost subsidy program.¹

11. Relying on the Supreme Court's stay in Underwood, defendants renewed their motion to the Second Circuit for a stay pending appeal of the May 27, 1976 and September 27, 1976 rulings. On December 27, 1976, the Second Circuit granted that stay.

12. On February 10, 1977, the Director of the Hartford Area Office of HUD issued a mailgram to all Section 236 project owners in Connecticut, including the three project owners in the instant cases, informing them that as a result of the stay issued by the Second Circuit, no operating cost subsidies would be paid after January 31, 1977.

13. On March 7, 1977, plaintiffs filed the present motion for contempt.

II.

Plaintiffs argue that the termination of subsidy payments to the three projects is contemptuous of the December 15, 1975 preliminary injunction. The crux of their position is that the Second Circuit's stay could not affect the relief granted to them because the December 15, 1975 preliminary injunction was never appealed. Defendants respond that the May 27, 1976 order, which has been appealed, subsumed all previous orders of this court. Hence, they contend that the stay of that ruling applies to the relief granted to the instant plaintiffs. In essence, the question is whether the May 27, 1976 conversion and expansion of the individual classes certified by project into one statewide class served to merge all earlier relief and reopen and render appealable previously final orders for which the time for appeal had expired.

A.

The class action is a significant tool of judicial administration. Its purpose is to enable representative parties to litigate in a single lawsuit legal questions common to a class of persons. In this way, the class action eliminates the possibility of repetitious actions. While this management device brings under the umbrella of a single lawsuit a large number of individual claims all of which present a common legal question, it does not eliminate each class member's individual cause of action. This distinction between common legal questions which make class action status desirable and the continued presence of individual causes of action is critical to the resolution of the present motion.

The common legal question involved in this litigation is the proper construction of HUD's duty under Section 212 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. However, the individual causes of action of the tenants at the various Section 236 projects, which were triggered by HUD's approval of rent increases, have arisen at different points in time. It is for this reason that the preliminary relief granted on behalf of the initial three projects on December 15, 1975, was not subsumed in the relief granted to newly added class members on May 27, 1976.

This analysis is reflected in this court's May 27, 1976 ruling. Because of the multiplicity of litigation on the same issue that was developing in this district, plaintiffs' motion to convert the individual classes certified by project into one statewide class was granted. However, the rent increases and hence the causes of action of the tenants of the newly added projects did not arise until after the issuance of the December 15, 1975 preliminary injunction. As such, it was recognized that additional preliminary relief was necessary to confer the...