Duckworth v. Ford, 95-1381

• Decision Date: 15 May 1996
• Docket Number: No. 95-1381,95-1381
• Citation: 83 F.3d 999
• Parties: Melvin Eugene DUCKWORTH, Appellee, v. John H. FORD, Appellant. Richard C. Rice, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 999

83 F.3d 999

Melvin Eugene DUCKWORTH, Appellee, v. John H. FORD, Appellant.

Richard C. Rice, Defendant.

No. 95-1381.

United States Court of Appeals,

Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Nov. 16, 1995.

Decided May 15, 1996.

Robert Lawrence Presson, Jefferson City, MO, argued. Jerremiah W. (Jay) Nixon, Atty. Gen., on brief, for appellant.

James Christopher Spangler, Sedalia, MO, argued. Mark T. Kempton, Sedalia, on brief, for appellee.

Before McMILLIAN, Circuit Judge, HENLEY, Senior Circuit Judge, and FAGG, Circuit Judge.

McMILLIAN, Circuit Judge.

John H. Ford appeals from a final judgment entered in the United States District Court ¹ for the Western District of Missouri, upon a jury verdict, in favor of Melvin Eugene Duckworth in this civil rights action. For reversal, Ford argues there was insufficient evidence as a matter of law to support the jury verdict and that the district court abused its discretion in admitting into evidence certain information about the judgment in another case involving Ford. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

In 1988 Duckworth and Ford were majors in the Missouri state highway patrol. The superintendent was about to retire, and Ford and C.E. Fisher were rivals for the position. Duckworth supported Fisher. In early 1988 Ford requested an employee of the highway patrol's communications division to periodically "sweep" his office telephone. In May 1988 the employee discovered a device of some kind on Ford's office telephone. The employee removed the device and reported the discovery to Ford. Ford asked the employee not to tell anyone about the device; however, the employee later told his supervisor about the device. Ford suspected the device could have come from the highway patrol's Division of Drug & Crime Control (DDCC), which Duckworth commanded. Ford told several fellow highway patrol officers about the discovery of the device and also reported the discovery to the superintendent. In June 1988 the governor nominated Ford as superintendent. Ford reported the discovery of the device to the state director of public safety and the assistant director of public safety.

In early July 1988 Duckworth and Fisher heard that there were rumors circulating within the highway patrol that they were "in trouble" and would be demoted and transferred because they had "bugged" or wiretapped Ford's office telephone. Duckworth talked to the retiring superintendent about the rumors and the retiring superintendent told Duckworth that the device was not a "bug." A highway patrol criminalist and the FBI later identified the device as a "click suppressor," a type of telephone equipment and not a monitoring device.

At a mid-July 1988 staff meeting the retiring superintendent described the wiretap rumors as Ford's problem. Duckworth and Fisher requested an FBI investigation, but Ford denied the request. Ford officially became the acting superintendent on August 1, 1988. The wiretap rumors continued to circulate through the fall and winter of 1988. In 1989 the state senate refused to confirm Ford's appointment until litigation involving Ford and another member of the highway patrol had been resolved. The jury in that case found against Ford, and the governor withdrew Ford's nomination.

Duckworth testified that the wiretap rumors adversely affected his physical and mental health. He feared that his career had been ruined by the rumors, and he was under considerable stress and very depressed. Duckworth suffered a heart attack in November 1988 and had bypass surgery in June 1989. He took long-term disability status and left the highway patrol in May 1990.

Duckworth subsequently filed this civil rights action in federal district court alleging that Ford had violated his first amendment rights by spreading the wiretap rumors in retaliation for his supporting Fisher for the superintendent position and that this retaliation caused his constructive discharge. The district court denied defense motions for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity, holding that Duckworth's opposition to Ford and his support of Fisher was protected speech, even if he had a personal interest in Fisher's success, the law regarding first amendment retaliation claims was clearly established in 1988, and Ford was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the issue of motive. We affirmed. Duckworth v. Ford, 995 F.2d 858 (8th Cir.1993).

At trial, Duckworth, Ford, several highway patrol officers, state investigators, Duckworth's wife, and his doctors testified about the events at issue and their effect on Duckworth's physical and mental health. In addition, the district court admitted into evidence certain information about the litigation and jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff and against Ford in another case, Darnell v. Ford, 903 F.2d 556 (8th Cir.1990). The jury found in favor of Duckworth and against Ford and awarded Duckworth damages in the amount of $1,176,000.00. Post-trial motions for judgment as a matter of law or for new trial were denied. This appeal followed.

First, Ford argues there was insufficient evidence as a matter of law to support the jury verdict that he circulated the wiretap rumors. He argues that the jury verdict could only have been the result of...