Dull v. State, 30124

• Decision Date: 01 March 1962
• Docket Number: No. 30124,30124
• Citation: 180 N.E.2d 523,242 Ind. 633
• Parties: Jay L. DULL, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 523

180 N.E.2d 523

242 Ind. 633

Jay L. DULL, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 30124.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

March 1, 1962.

Rehearing Denied April 2, 1962.

Clarence E. Benadum, Ralph V. Cecil, Frederick F. McClellan, Benadum, Cecil, McClellan & Conrad, Muncie, for appellant.

Edwin K. Steers, Atty. Gen., Gene Williams, Pros. Atty. 46th Judicial Circuit, Muncie, Richard Clapp and James J. Jordan, Deputies Pros. Atty. 46th Judicial Circuit, Muncie, for appellee.

ARTERBURN, Judge.

The appellant was found guilty of murder in the first degree after trial and upon an indictment reading as follows:

'The Grand Jury of the County of Delaware for the January Term, 1961, being duly sworn, empaneled and charged in the name and upon the authority of the State of Indiana upon their oath charge and present that Walter G. Line and Jay L. Dull, on or about the 22nd day of December, 1960, at and in the County of Delaware and in the State of Indiana, did then and there unlawfully and feloniously kill and murder one James J. Tricker, who was then and there a human being, in the perpetration of robbery by then and there unlawfully, feloniously, forcibly, by violence and putting said James J. Tricker in fear, take from the person and possession of the said James J. Tricker two wrist watches of the value of Thirty Dollars ($30.00) and an amount of lawful currency of the United States of America to the extent and value of which is to the Grand Jury unknown, which was then and there the property of said James J. Tricker; and that said Walter G. Line and Jay L. Dull, in the commission of said robbery did then and there unlawfully and feloniously strike and beat the said James J. Tricker on the head with a certain deadly weapon used as a bludgeon, to-wit: a sawed-off shot gun which the said Jay L. Dull had and held in his hands and as a result of said blow and said beating aforesaid that said James J. Tricker on said day and date died, contrary to the form of statute made and provided in such cases and against the peace and dignity of the State of Indiana.

'S/ Gene Williams

Gene Williams Prosecuting

Attorney 46th Judicial Circuit

Of the State of Indiana.

'A true

Bill

S/ C. Cree Cable

Foreman of the Grand jury.'

The first contention made on this appeal is that the court erred in refusing to give the appellant's tendered instructions numbered 3 and 4. Instruction number 3 informed the jury that where the offense charged consists of different degrees, the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the degree charged and guilty of any degree inferior thereto. (Burns' § 9-1816.) Tendered instruction number 4 defined murder in the second degree and also manslaughter, and tendered forms of verdict for each of such offenses.

The question then presented is: whether second degree murder and manslaughter are offenses included in a charge of homicide committed in the perpetration of rape, arson, robbery or burglary. On request, should the jury be so instructed? The statute (Burns' §§ 9-1816 and 9-1817) provides in substance that where an offense under the statute consists of different degrees, a defendant may be found guilty of any lesser degree than that charged, and in all other cases where the offense is not graduated in degrees by the statute, a defendant may be found guilty of any offense necessarily included therein. The law in this respect is examined more fully in Barker v. State (1958), 238 Ind. 271, 150 N.E.2d 680. Upon reading the statute (Burns' § 10-3404) it will be found that murder in the second degree consists of homicide with malice, but without premeditation. The statute defining murder in the first degree reads as follows:

'Murder--First degree--Penalty.--Whoever purposely and with premeditated malice, or in the perpetration of or attempt to perpetrate a rape, arson, robbery, or burglary, kills any human being, is guilty of murder in the first degree, and on conviction shall suffer death or be imprisoned in the state prison during life. [Acts 1941, ch. 148, § 1, p. 447.]'

By reference to the indictment in this case it will be noted that the defendant was not charged with premeditated murder. There are no allegations of premeditation in the indictment. The charge, therefore, is based upon the latter portion of the statute, which does not require the element or proof of premeditation, if the homicide is committed in the perpetration of robbery or the other felonies named in the statute.

In Mack v. State (1932), 203 Ind. 355, 370, 180 N.E. 279, 283, 284, 83 A.L.R. 1349, we said:

'When the facts prove the allegations of an indictment which charges the crime defined by the second sentence of section 2412, supra, they prove first degree murder, and where, as here, there is no evidence adduced which proves anything but murder in the perpetration of a robbery, the court is not required to instruct the jury on second degree murder or manslaughter.'

This statement was reiterated and approved in Swain v. State (1938), 214 Ind. 412, 415, 15 N.E.2d 381, 383.

In Hawkins v. State (1941), 219 Ind. 116, 125, 37 N.E.2d 79, 83, this court said:

'Appellant tendered 28 instructions all of which were given except two. By these he sought to have the jury instructed that under the indictment for murder while perpetrating a robbery, he could be convicted of murder in the second degree, manslaughter, or involuntary manslaughter. * * * (Cases cited) The reason is found in the fact that neither premeditation, intent to kill nor malice is a necessary element of the crime charged. This was long ago decided in Stocking v. State, 1855, 7 Ind. 326. The instructions were properly refused.' See also: Witt v. State of Indiana (1933), 205 Ind. 499, 185 N.E. 645.

The appellant cites Bissot v. State (1876), 53 Ind. 408, wherein the defendant on appeal objected to instructions which defined murder in the second degree and manslaughter when he was found guilty on a second count charging murder committed in the perpetration of burglary. An examination of that case shows, however, that he was also charged at the time in another count with murder in the first degree involving premeditation. There is nothing inconsistent with the statements in that case with the law here enunciated. Where murder in the first degree involving premeditation is charged, it is proper for the court to instruct on murder in the second degree and manslaughter. The cases in that respect are cited above. We find no error in the court's refusal to give the instructions tendered by the appellant.

Finally, the contention is made that prejudicial error occurred in the closing argument by the prosecuting attorney. The appellant at the time made no objections to the remarks of the prosecuting attorney and did not ask the court to instruct the jury to disregard them or claim any prejudicial error in the respect now urged. The remarks consisted mainly in stating to the jury that if the defendant was allowed to escape it would invite

'* * * every hood in the State of Indiana into our home * * * everybody all over this state will know that you just won't be sent to the electric chair in Delaware County * * * What we must do is set an example in Delaware County that we are going to protect the people in this County, their lives and their liberty, and put people on notice here and all other places, that if you come to Delaware County and kill somebody, get ready for this final and complete and ultimate penalty.'

Although there may be some question about the temperateness of the remarks, no objections were made thereto at the time. A party may not sit idly by and make no objections to matters he might consider prejudicial, awaiting the outcome of a trial, and thereafter raise such question for the first time. Gamble v. Lewis (1949), 227 Ind. 455, 85 N.E.2d 629; Kern v. Bridwell (1889), 119 Ind. 226, 21 N.E. 664.

The alleged misconduct is presented by affidavits signed and sworn to by the appellant and made a part of the motion for a new trial. They are not presented to this court by any bill of exceptions. Rule 1-15 of this court provides for affidavits being filed with motions for a new trial, but this court has limited the use of such affidavits in cases where it is not possible to obtain a bill of exceptions for that purpose. The use of the affidavits is primarily for the purpose of proving facts that took place outside the presence of the court.

In Nix v. State (1960), 240 Ind. 392, 397, 166 N.E.2d 326, 328, we said:

'Under Rule 1-15 of this Court affidavits may be used...