Eisenhut v. Eisenhut

• Decision Date: 07 May 2013
• Docket Number: No. 49A02–1208–DR–633.,49A02–1208–DR–633.
• Parties: Gail EISENHUT, Appellant–Petitioner, v. Richard EISENHUT, M.D., Appellee–Respondent.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

994 N.E.2d 274

Gail EISENHUT, Appellant–Petitioner,

v.Richard EISENHUT, M.D., Appellee–Respondent.

No. 49A02–1208–DR–633.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

March 22, 2013.

Ordered Published May 7, 2013.

Richard Ranucci, Indianapolis, IN, Attorney for Appellant.

Lowell A. Shroyer, Indianapolis, IN, Attorney for Appellee.

OPINION

BARNES, Judge.

Case Summary

Gail Eisenhut appeals the trial court's judgment in favor of her ex-husband, Richard Eisenhut, in the amount of $19,250. We reverse.

Issue

Gail raises three issues, which we combine and restate as whether the trial court properly ordered her to pay $19,250 to Richard to reimburse him for child support payments he made after their daughter turned twenty-one.

Facts

Gail and Richard were divorced in 1995. Their daughter, Brittany, was born in February 1990. The dissolution decree granted primary custody of Brittany to Gail and ordered Richard to pay $250 per week, or $1075 per month, in child support, via income withholding. The decree contained no language as to when Richard's support obligation would end. The trial court subsequently issued an order to Richard's then-employer to withhold $1075 per month from his pay for child support. Richard's support obligation was increased to $1375 per month in 2004. In 2009, Richard changed employers. At that time, he voluntarily arranged for his support obligation to continue to be withheld from his pay; there was no court order that required income withholding specifically as to this employer.

Brittany turned twenty-one in February 2011. At the time, she was attending Butler University and continuing to live at home with Gail. Although Gail and Richard had previously informally discussed his contributing to Brittany's college expenses, Gail never obtained an order requiring him to do so. Richard took no action to discontinue paying support for Brittany until April 27, 2012, when he filed a petition to discontinue paying support. Although Richard was aware that the $1375 was continuing to be deducted from his monthly pay and thought that his support obligation should have ended when Brittany turned twenty-one, he admittedly had “no good reason” for waiting fourteen months to contact his attorney to see how to go about terminating his support payments and said that his current wife had cajoled him into doing so. Tr. p. 13. After Richard filed his petition to discontinue paying support, Gail stipulated that he was entitled to do so, effective immediately. She also repaid the most recent monthly payment she had received after the petition was filed to Richard.

Richard's petition also sought to have Gail repay $19,250 in support she had received after Brittany turned twenty-one. Gail did not agree to do so. The trial court conducted a hearing on this issue on June 20, 2012, after which it found that Richard “has involuntarily overpaid child support” in the amount of $19,250 and entered a judgment against Gail in that amount. App. p. 14. Gail now appeals.

Analysis

Rulings concerning child support, including matters of overpayment, are committed to the trial court's discretion. Beckler v. Hart, 660 N.E.2d 1387, 1389 (Ind.Ct.App.1996). An abuse of discretion occurs in a trial court's ruling if it is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court, or if the court has misapplied the law. Fackler v. Powell 923 N.E.2d 973, 980 (Ind.Ct.App.2010).

The trial court here entered some limited sua sponte findings with its order. Sua sponte findings only control issues that they cover, while a general judgment standard applies to issues upon which there are no findings. Morgal–Henrich v. Henrich, 970 N.E.2d 207, 210 (Ind.Ct.App.2012). We may affirm a general judgment with findings on any legal theory supported by the evidence. Id. As for any findings that have been made, they will be set aside only if they are clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous if there are no facts in the record to support it, either directly or by inference. Id.

There is no doubt here that Brittany was emancipated as a matter of law for child support purposes when she turned twenty-one in February 2011 and that Richard's legal obligation to support her ended on that date. See Willard v. Peak, 834 N.E.2d 220, 225 (Ind.Ct.App.2005) (citing Ind.Code § 31–16–6–6).¹ Nor was there a post-secondary educational support order in place that required Richard to contribute to her college education despite her emancipation. And, unlike other child support modification requests, a termination of support based upon emancipation dates back to the actual date of emancipation, not the date the petition to terminate support was filed. See Hirsch v. Oliver, 970 N.E.2d 651, 660 (Ind.2012). The question in this case is whether Gail was required to reimburse Richard for support payments that continued to be withheld from his paycheck after Brittany's emancipation and before he petitioned to terminate his support obligation.

The well-established rule in Indiana is that overpayments of child support are generally viewed as voluntary and gratuitous. See, e.g., R.R.F. v. L.L.F., 935 N.E.2d 243, 252 (Ind.Ct.App.2010). Moreover, and importantly for this case, we have applied this rule in the context of overpayments made after a child's automatic emancipation. In Olson v. Olson, 445 N.E.2d 1386 (Ind.Ct.App.1983), as here, a father continued paying child support for a child well after the child had turned twenty-one. Approximately a year after the child had turned twenty-one, the father filed a petition seeking to credit the extra year of support he had paid for his emancipated child against a support arrearage he had accumulated with respect to his other two children. We held the father was entitled to no such credit. We first noted that the father either could have unilaterally stopped paying support for that child on his twenty-first birthday, or petitioned the trial court prior to the twenty-first birthday to stop paying support as of that date, which we described as “perhaps the wiser course.” Olson, 445 N.E.2d at 1389. We then stated:

Unrequired payments made by a non-custodial parent for the benefit of children must be considered a gratuity or a voluntary contribution. They should not be considered a prepayment of the support obligation. Nor should they be credited against arrearages due with respect to other children.

It is true that the Father's unrequired payments here are easily identifiable and provable. In addition, it may be observed that the rationale which forbids credit against future support does not apply here. The purpose of providing“regular uninterrupted income for the benefit of that parent's children” would not be thwarted. Nevertheless, we recognize that the parents in intact families often contribute, to the extent of their ability, to their children's support even after their children have reached the age of twenty-one. When the need exists, such gestures of familial affection, solidarity and support are to be commended, if not encouraged. Similar acts involving parent-child in a dissolved marital relationship are entitled to judicial recognition. This is true because in the formulation and enforcement of support orders the courts seek to eliminate or minimize the prejudicial economic impact of dissolution.

Id. at 1389–90 (citations omitted). It is true that Olson concerned credit against a support arrearage for other non-emancipated children, which is not the case here. Nonetheless, whether an arrearage credit or a judgment for support reimbursement is at issue, the effect on a parent who received the support overpayment as trustee for the child is effectively the same—he or she is deprived of money already paid by the obligor.² This is especially true here, in that Brittany was still living with and dependent upon Gail and attending college full-time after her automatic emancipation.

The trial court here expressly found that Richard had “involuntarily overpaid” child support for Brittany's benefit, thus avoiding the rule regarding such overpayments being considered gratuitous and not subject to reimbursement. App. p. 14. However, there is no evidence in the record that would support such a finding and it is clearly erroneous. This court previously has found overpayments of child support to be involuntary where an obligor's tax refund had been intercepted by the Internal Revenue Service. See Carpenter v. Carpenter, 891 N.E.2d 587, 601 (Ind.Ct.App.2008); Matson v. Matson, 569...