Eklund v. Lubrizol Corp.
| Decision Date | 21 January 1976 |
| Docket Number | No. 75--1535,75--1535 |
| Citation | 529 F.2d 247 |
| Parties | 12 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 367, 11 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,623 Carl W. EKLUND, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The LUBRIZOL CORP. et al., Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit |
Louis A. Tuzi and Robert J. Grogan, Cleveland, Ohio, for plaintiff-appellant.
Thomas H. Barnard, Vilma L. Kohn, John P Dunn, Cleveland, Ohio, for defendants-appellees.
Before CELEBREZZE and McCREE, Circuit Judges, and CECIL, Senior Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, which granted Appellees' Motion to Dismiss, citing Appellant's failure to comply with the notice provision of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq. (1970) (). 1
Appellant, discharged by Appellee on July 11, 1973, was sixty years old at the time of discharge and thus within the forty to sixty-five age range protected by the ADEA. 29 U.S.C. § 631 (1970).
The Act addresses itself to the elimination of age as an arbitrary criterion in employment decisions. The purpose of the Act is embodied in § 621(b):
(b) It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age; to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment; to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment.
The Act prescribes alternative notice requirements, these requirements are contained in § 626(d):
(d) No civil action may be commenced by any individual under this section until the individual has given the Secretary not less than sixty days' notice of an intent to file such action. Such notice shall be filed--
(1) within one hundred and eighty days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred, or
(2) in a case to which section 633(b) of this title applies, within three hundred days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred or within thirty days after receipt by the individual of notice of termination of proceedings under State law, whichever is earlier.
Upon receiving a notice of intent to sue, the Secretary shall promptly notify all persons named therein as prospective defendants in the action and shall promptly seek to eliminate any alleged unlawful practice by informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion.
Appellant notified the Secretary of Labor of his intent to file an age discrimination action under the Act two hundred and ninety-nine days after his alleged unlawful dismissal. This notice did not comply with the one hundred and eighty day requirement of § 626(d)(1) of the Act.
We thus turn to the question of whether Appellant falls within the ambit of § 626(d)(2), where notice can be given within a 300-day period following an alleged unlawful practice. Subsection (d)(2) affords its more liberal notice period only in those situations in which § 633(d) 2 of the Act is applicable. Section 633(b) applies to those actions in which the alleged unlawful practice occurred in a state which has (1) a law prohibiting age discrimination in employment and (2) a state agency authorized to seek relief for individuals suffering age discrimination. Appellant contends that Ohio is a § 633(b) state and therefore his notice of intent to file suit, given to the Secretary 299 days after the challenged dismissal, was proper.
Ohio's age discrimination in employment law is contained in Ohio Rev.Code § 4101.17:
No employer shall refuse opportunity of interview for employment of applicants or discharge without just cause any employee between the ages of forty and sixty-five who are physically able to perform the duties and otherwise meet the established requirements of the industry and laws pertaining to the relationship between employer and employee.
Resolution of the only issue raised by Appellant turns on whether Ohio has a state authority established or authorized to grant or seek relief from discriminatory practices based on age. Appellant contends that it does. Appellees and the Secretary, in his amicus brief submitted in support of Appellant, take the position that Ohio has no state authority established or authorized to seek relief from such discriminatory practices. Section 633(b) envisions a state authority equipped to investigate age discrimination claims, to mediate genuine disputes, to attempt to resolve disputes through voluntary compliance and if necessary, to initiate administrative or judicial proceedings to secure compliance with the state age discrimination law. Appellant contends that either the Ohio Department of Industrial Relations or the Ohio Attorney General, or the two agencies jointly, are authorized to enforce Ohio's age discrimination law. However, a thorough review of Ohio statutes yields no section authorizing the Ohio Department of Industrial Relations, the Ohio Attorney General, or any other State agency to perform such functions.
The note following the Ohio age discrimination law in Page's Ohio Code annotated should have strongly suggested the lack of an enforcement mechanism to Appellant's counsel:
No penalty provision has been provided for this section. (emphasis added.)
The District Court's conclusion that Ohio is not a § 633(b) state is further buttressed by the decision in Curry v. Continental Airlines, Inc., 513 F.2d 691 (9th Cir. 1975). The Ninth Circuit concluded in Curry that California, at the time the action was filed in District Court, was not a § 633(b) state. The Curry Court noted that the California age discrimination in employment law was part of that State's Unemployment Insurance Code, general enforcement of which was vested in the California Department of Human Resources. The Court then stated:
'The Department, however, had no personnel assigned to handling age discrimination complaints and, in fact, advised potential plaintiffs to take their complaints to local law enforcement officials or the federal government. Nor was there any specific legislative mandate directing the Department to act in the field of age discrimination. 3
We thus affirm the District Court's conclusions that Ohio is not a § 633(b) state and that the 300-day filing period of § 626(d)(2) was therefore not available to Appellant.
This Court, in Hiscott v. General Electric Co., 521 F.2d 632 (6th Cir. 1975), following a review of the Act's legislative history, concluded that compliance with the notice requirements contained in § 626 is a jurisdictional prerequisite to the filing of an action under the ADEA. The Hiscott Court noted that the Fifth Circuit in Powell v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., 494 F.2d 485 (5th Cir. (1974), and numerous District Courts have reached the same conclusion.
The Secretary contends, on Appellant's behalf, that the special facts of this case are appropriate for the creation of an exception to the imperative nature of the Act's notice requirements. The Appellant in Hiscott made much the same argument. The Appellant in Hiscott cited Bishop v. Jelleff Associates,398 F.Supp. 579 (D.D.C.1974), in support of its argument. The Bishop Court concluded that an employer's failure to post the informational notices required by § 627 of the Act excused plaintiff's failure to comply with the notice provisions. Judge Miller, writing for this Court in Hiscott, rejected the reasoning of Bishop by stating:
Despite the Bishop ruling, we find nothing in the Act nor in its legislative history to indicate that compliance with the notice provision was intended to be tolled or excused by the employer's failure, as here, to post the informational notices.
The Secretary advances two reasons in support of equitable relief for Appellant, first, that Appellant's counsel made a reasonable attempt to comply with the Act and, second, that at the time of Appellant's discharge there was no judicial clarification of the notice provisions of the ADEA.
The Secretary's two reasons are intertwined. The Secretary contends that an attempt to comply with then existing case law prompted Appellant's counsel to ignore the plain language of the Act and contact various state agencies seeking enforcement of Ohio's age discrimination law. As then applicable case law, the Secretary points to the holdings in Goger v. H. K. Porter Co., 5 EPD P8562 (D.N.J.1973), and McGarvey v. Mereck & Co., Inc., 359 F.Supp. 525 (D.N.J.1973), both later vacated by the Third Circuit on special facts, the consolidated opinion in Vaughn v. Chrysler Corp. and Prange v. Ford Motor Co., 382 F.Supp. 143 (E.D.Mich.1974), and Smith v. Crest Communities, Inc., 9 EPD P10,053 (W.D.Ky.1974). Appellant notified the Secretary on May 6, 1974, that he intended to...
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...571 F.2d 102, 110 n.14 (2d Cir. 1978). But see Adams v. Federal Signal Corp., 559 F.2d 433, 434 (5th Cir. 1977); Eklund v. Lubrizol Corp., 529 F.2d 247, 249 (6th Cir. 1976); Hiscott v. General Electric Co., 521 F.2d 632, 634 (6th Cir. 1975). It strikes the Court as more than a little incong......
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